Monday, October 29, 2007
VANNEY KAAMMEI BANG SA (Global Warming)
S. Thangboi Zou,
NEHU Campus, Shillong-22
Sabang buolna Simlei
“I have no doubt, whatsoever, that climate change is the greatest environmental challenge we face. The evidence of such change is now overwhelming” (Rt. Hon. Tony Blair, Prime Minister, United Kingdom).
Tam leitung pen planet chi tuom-tuomte lah a, Pasian silsiem hinna neite dinga teenna leh khosah theina umsun khu ahi. Leitung a scientist siem leh minthang tampiten mundang teen theina ding aum ei chia asui-sui uh tunitan in bangma musuo umnai tadi lou phot hi. Tambang kaal ah leimihingte khovel pilna-siemna (science&technology) lama kalsaang suonna nasat ta dungjui leh hausat ding leh thunei ding kituna jieh in leitung a ganhing, sing, guo leh tui (ecology & environment) hing leh dam dingdengte hoina leh manphatna khu nasah tah a suh kha’h in a’ng um ta hi.
Hinanleh, bang tan a suhsieta um a, bangtan a khawh atai chi kikupna gam khangtou ten zong anei zing ua, tam khu terrorist ten mihing mawna beite asuhbuoi a asuh genthei bang ua, langkhat lam a mihingten zong kim-leh-pam a bangma theilou ganhing, singkung leh adang dangte tung ah lungsietna bei zen a gumtatna pen ‘act of terrorism’ (gogam-ngalhatna) chikhat veve ahi chithei phiel ding hi. Tamte zieh in leitung khuo umdan (asa-avotna) kiheng gawp ta a, nidang hun lai-laite sa’ng in tu in igam in kumchin in sat lam manaw hiei-hiei ta hi.
Global Warming kichi bang e?
Scientist ten asui na uah leitung planet pen lungthu(hearth) tunga belkuong kitung bang in ssa(heated) deu deu a, gamvotna munte ah vuo-khal jun hiei hiei in, tuipi-dan(sea level) khang tou hut hut ta chi uhi. Tuamai hilou in, gammanga singkungte kisaat maai deudeu in gamsate zong kiem mama ta hi. Tampen bangma danga hing kipan hilou in mihingte hakhiet/bawlkhiet greenhouse gas (GHG) kichi apat hing pieng khie ahi. Tami huisie (GHG) khu tuma kum 650,000 hunlai saang in tu in tam zaw mama ta a, tami gas in leitung satna(temperature) kibelap sah hi. Tam khu mangkam in Climate Change or Global Warming kichi hi. Bang hing chi kipat a bang hing chi pien khiet ahiei sui khe vai.
Tam sil zauhuoi toh kisai a khatlawna khovel gam chin phiel ah hing tunga, kum 1992 in Rio de Janeiro khopi (Brazil) ah UN nuoi a kipunkhawm gam 100 val apat lamkai(head of states) teng in kimu khawmna nei ua, climate kihen toh kisai leh sil dangdang adieh in kiim-leh- pam(environment) toh kisai a ki-kupkhawmna nei uhi. Tam khawmpi khu Earth Summit kichi hi. Lamkai peikhawm teng in maban panlah dingdan toh kisai a kinoptuona thuhun bawl ua, tuate lah a poimaw dieh khat khu ‘Convention on Climate Change’ ahi. Tuabanah, tamthute toh kisai in kum 5 dan a khatvei jel kimukhawmna nei ding in kithukim ua, a en kaitu ding leh report bawl zing ding in ‘Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) dinkhie uhi.
Global Warming bang hing chi pieng e? (Causes)
Green house gas khu Carbon gases (CO2, CO, CFC, etc.)te apat hing pieng ahi. Leitung leh vaan (space) kikaal ah huikhuo(atmosphere) um a, tuakhu lei a teeng hinna neiteng a dinga poimaw masa pen khat ahi. Hinanleh, tam huikhuo khu Carbon gas in aniin (pollute) sah thei hi. CO2 ahileh huikhuo a um mawng hina pi in, leitung a sing leh guo kihaal jieh, vanbawlna khawl buhte (factories), gari khute(smokes) leh adangdangte zieh in nasa tah in suh pung in um hul-hul hi.
Leitung in nisa/nivaa (heat) hun chin in amu zing a, tua khu incoming solar radiation kichi hi. Tualeh, tam heat amuzat tengma anua letou kia a, khum khu terrestrial radiation kichi hi. Huikhuo a CO2 gas in nisa apat avah-asa(heat) hing kumsuh pen daal lou a, hinanleh leitung in anua sawltoute daal in, atamzaw apei ding bang in peitou suoh theilou a, huikhuo ah kikhol (accumulated) den hi. Tuami in anuoia leitung/leitang khu lum sah pelpul mai a, tampen Greenhouse Effect (GE) kichi hi.
Scientist ten tam greenhouse pen kum1824 lai a na mu uh hi ta hi. Tami green house pen asie(harmful) pumpang hilou a, leitunga di’a sil poimaw tah khat ahi zaw hi. Tam umlou hita leh leitung vot seng dinga teen theina suoh lou jel ding hi chi’n Climatologist minthang Joseph Fourier kichipan ana gen hi. Kum 1895 in Swedish Chemist, Svante Arrhenius in mihingten carbondioxide apan in green house effect hatsah/punsah thei ahidan ana sui khie hi. Tam GHG pen hunsawt tah ngaina banga(stable) na pei ze’l hinanleh tukhang in fossil fuel, GHG emission, volcanic eruption & El Nino etc. asang seng ta ziah in tam GF hat mama tahi. Tuazieh in vanney khu ssadeu deu hi. Kum 1990 apat kumchin in GHG 6 billion metric tones (20%) vel in khang hi.
Ozone Layer vang ta !!! (Ozone Hole)
Igensa mabang in, lei leh vaan kikal pen huikhuo in atuom a, tua huikhuo khu adan-dan(layers) in um hi. Tam huikhuo-dante khu aniempen apat asang pentan a gen in- Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere (ozonosphere), leh Ionosphere chia minvaw ahi uhi. Tam khu leitung apan in kilometer 600 banga sang ahi. Ozone Layer ahileh leitung apan 16-35km. kikal vela um huikhuo chikhat ahia, ozone gas (O3) in atuom hi. Tam khun Troposphere tunglam leh Stratosphere nuoi lamdeu teng luo hi. Tami hui-dan in mihing leitung hinna neite dinga zauhuoi, nisa apan vaah hoilou chikhat (UV-Ray) ana dal hi. Tam UV Ray in vunnatna, cancer leh adangdang mihing leh ganhingte tung ah tun thei hi. Tuabanah, tam Ray ahileh asa mama a, leitung a hinna neite ding in thuoh zaw guol hilou ding hi. Ozone-dan bang dinga kisia ahiei? Atangpi in GHG leh adangdangte zieh zong ahia, adieh in gas chikhat chlorofluorocarbon (CFC Gas) ten aha susiet hi. CFC ahileh atang piin meikhu, adiah in volcano apan hing kipan nasah mama hi. Asui miten Ozone layer kum 10 dan in 5% vel keeh/vang zing hi chi uhi. Ozone hole (hawm/vang) ahileh Antarctic vuo-khal gam apat nasa tah in muthei in um hi.
Global Warming in bang hing tunding? (Effects)
Leitung satna 1o F val in kal ta hi. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) ten amu dan un temperature khan zieh in leitung ah sil lamdang tampi tung zou ta a, tuate tamlou en suh va ui:
i)Leitung sim leh mal ningtawng(N&S poles) adieh in Greenland leh Antarctica a vuuh/vuo khal tampi jun jungjung ta hi. Silsuimi Bill Fraser in kum 30 sung in Antartica vuo-gam a Adelie Penguin te kiem deudeu a, a population 32,000 apat in 11,000 pha suh tahi. Penguin te pen ganhing nam avotna mun chauh a khosa thei ahi uhi. Tamte zieh in tuipi (sea level rise) thuuh deu deu hi. Tualeh, maban ah 17 – 23 inches vel a kal belap nalai ding a gintaat ahi.
ii)Vannei mun khenkhat asat seng ta zieh in ganhing nam- tuithe(butterflies), si-al/keipuong, leh singkung nam khenkhat te gam saa apat in avot gam (Malgam) del in pem ta uhi.
iii)Huipi leh pumpei(hurricanes) te hat in uong deu deu ding hi. Tuilian(flood) leh gamgaw(drought) huoise semsem ding hi.
iv)Tuisieng (fresh water) dawnthei tawm deu deu ding hi. Peru gam a Quelccaya ice cap zun nasa mama a, tu abat tou jel leh 2100 kum chieng in beimang thei hiel ding hi. Agam mi sa’ng valte tuineh leh meita’ng (electric power) lahna buoi tham mama ding hi.
v)Khosihpi (Malaria) natna ha’t deu deu ding hi. Ecosystem (ganhing-tenna) kihenglam dang ding a, ganhing khenkhatte malgam lam ah pem ding ua, va kihinsuo thei ding uh, hinanleh khenkhat climate kihen jieh in ki adapt (kingei)theilou in shi bei phiel ding uhi. Wildlife lam suimi Martyn Obbard in amukhiet na ah, 1980s kim vel in polar gamkuom a vuo-khal atawm tajieh in ngaah(fish) leh vuh-vompi/kangpi(polar-bear) te gawng deudeu uh ana chi hi. Hudson Bay ah zong tabang ma in sil tung hi. Azau huoipen khat khu ice abei ngei-ngei leh polar bear leh ganhing dangdang te zong beimang mai ding uhi.
Global Warming bangchi suhbei/kiemsah ding? (Solutions)
Mihingte global warming tuntu ahi chipen chienkuong ta a, hinanleh banglaw a hoithei kia ding chipen sil buoi um pikhat bang hi. Tuni’n GHG sutawp nanlei zong leitung satna degree bangzat e khata kal thou thou tading hi. Bawlthei umsun khat ahi leh asat dan degree level niem sah a, GHG kikholzat (concentration) khu kha’m-ta’ng (stabilize) ding chi khu ahi. IPCC ngaidan in GHG kihakhietna(emission) pen 50-80% bang a suh kiem sah poimaw ding hi. Bangchi suhkiem thei ding? Tami suhkiem nadinga factory leh industry tuomtuom nasep tampi suhkiem ngai masa tei ding a, gamkhangtousa leh akhanglelte ding in silbailam hivawtlou jel hi.
Khovel a government leh mipi tampiten tam suhkiem nading in pan halah mama ta uhi. Hinanleh langkhat ah, tulai leitung gam tuomtuomte khawl-nasepna lam leh khantouna(industrial development) tuomtuom a kitaidemna hatlai tah in tam GHG suhkiem ding pen sil bailam hikhollou jel hi. Gam khangtousate, adieh in US, Japan leh European gamte ading in namai hilou hi, aziehpen a vanbawl(production) uh nasa tah in kiempha ding hi.
Tualeh, pollution suh tawmna ding in Carbon/Emission Trading kichi dan khat um kia hi. Company/factory lienpipi neite khu pollution umsah tu a mawsah ahi tangpi hi. Amau ua ding tam dan siem khiet ahi. GHG aha khiet ding zaat uh huntawh(limit) siempi chiet in a um ua, ‘Credit Card or Allowances’ kichi phalna leh phalpi zaat kigelna lai pieh chiet ahi uhi. Akiphalpi zaat saang ua tamjaw asiem khiet uleh ‘fine’ kibawl a, atawm zawt leh nuomman(incentives) pieh hileu leu jel uhi. Koipou a limit sanga sang zaw GHG aha khiet ut leh atawm hakhete kunga credit card ava leibe jel uh ngai ding hi. Leitung a gamte kikal ah zong tambang a bawl hi veve hi. Tamin bangtan e khat in GHG emission dal zou ding a gintat ahi.
Koigam te’n GHG ahakhe tam pen uoi? (Main Emitting Countries)
Hunsawtpi apat tunitan phiel in USA in GHG hakhe tampen nalai hi. Gam khangtouta teng-USA, eastern Europe gam, Australia, Japan te khovela meikhu hakhe tampente ahi ua, hinanleh, lamdangloutah in akhangtoulel gamte lah a khat- China leh India in zong hakhetam petma uhi. Tu leh tu in khovel gampumpia GHG emitter lienpen lawi suoh ta uhi. Hinanleh per capita emission(mimal/mipi toh etkahna) dungjuia I et leh USA a lienjaw mama hi. Bangtang hileh, USA in GHG a hakhietdan tangpi themkhat envai:
i)Leitung misiing(population) umteng laha USA a teng 4 %(zakhat laha li) pha giep hi. Hinanleh, CO2 gas se-li laha se-khat(1/4th) tami gam apat in pieng a, tuakhu China, Japan leh India gamtenga gawm sang in zong tamzaw hi. Mimal chin in kumkhat in carbon gas 40,000 pound hakhie zou in hisap thei hi.
ii)America ten kumkhat sung in laidal(paper) 50 million tons zangkhie ua, tuana zah ding in singkung/gua million 850val kisat jel hi.
iii)Gari lampang ah, car leh truck kigawm in million 200 val lampi ah tai jing hi.Tuabanah, petrol 200 million gallons nikhat in mang chai uhi. Tam gari khute(smokes) apat in air pollution 56% piengkhe zou hi. Adangte pen atangpi in factorite apat hing kipan hi.
iv)Kumchin in US factoriten huikhuo ah huisie (chemical) billion 2.4 pound hakhe jeljel uhi.
v)Agam in thautui lahna/bawlna(oil reserves) 2% chauh anei hang in khovel pumpi a thautui bawlkhiet/mukhiet 25% bang zang zou hit-het mawh uhi. Akigendan in, leitung a thautui 16% USA te gari/moto sung ah lutmang kichi hi.
Tuajieh in, journal khenkhat in asuina uah, 2002 kum in US state 32 apat mipi milliom 160 te teenna gam khu hui sienglou - smog leh soot kichite adim hi in tahlang uhi. Tambang polluted khopi sunga teeng ten midangte saang in sinn-cancer natna veitheina(chance) 12% a tam zaw nei uhi.
Leitung Gamte panlah dan (Global Warming & G8+5 Summit)
Igensa mabang in, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) khawmpi Rio de Janerio, (Brazil), 1992 a aman lai un gamtuom tuom apat lamkai peikhawmten environment lampang toh kisai ki-noptuona thuhun poimaw ana nei uhi. Tam thuhun khu Agenda-21sungah ana tel kha hi. Tuamun ah leitung a huihoilou leh climate kihenna siemkhie bulpite US leh gamkhangtousate ahi uh chi ngawna nabawl masa ngal ta uhi.
Tualeh, US leh adangten carbon gas asuhpung uh nasa taha suhkiem ding uh apoimaw dan zong kikum uhi. Akhawmpi um chin in tamthu agenda poimaw pen a gen tuh in umzinga, hinanleh, USA in zanuom ngailou hi. Aziehpen carbon gas emission asuh-ngiemna ding in industry tampi khawlsah ngai ding a, tuabangkal ah US pen leitunga superpower ahinatoh, tabang in bawl tamawh leh amauh demthei ding leh khupkhel thei ding gamdang hing umding chi ajau man un, lawital nahkhau vula bang zing keei mawh sam hi. Dih zong dih veve hi.
1997 khawmpi (Kyoto Protocol, New York) a ana kinopna uah, gam peikhawmteng in GHG emission pen kum 2012 tan chienga 1990 kum a saanga 5.2 % a suhtawm ding chi ahia, hinanleh agam chiet uh anuatun chieng un koi suhkiem malah ah… habawl tasem uhi!!
Bangzieha George Bush hichi lungkhau getgut ahiei chi zong dohtham ching thou hi. China, Russia leh gamdang khenkhatte ama dehthei ding a gintat ahi toujel a…Tuamai hilou, China khu US ban a GHG hakhe tampen ahia, hinanleh Kyoto Protocol in suhkiem ding thu apuonna ah China pen phut khavet lou jel a, tuakhu US in ngai siem thei lou hi. Kum 2007 leh 2010 kikal sung in China in US GHG ah phatou tading a gintat ahi tahi. Hinanleh, China khu ‘developed’ hilou a, ‘developing’ gam ahi nalai zieh a kham a umlou hijaw ding hi. Langkhat ah, gamkhangtou liailiai pan India, Brazil leh adangdang ten zong industry tuomtuom habawl mama ua, GHG hunkhoppi hutdoh veve uhi. Hinanleh khawmpi umteng a suh kiem ding lam a phut khah ahi chieng un ut deh suoi lou uhi. “Nou develoloped gamten na tawp sah uh hunta, kou kagam un tahsap tampi nei nalai, tu tadi in kou a ding in poimaw nailou ahi” chi san jel uhi.
George W Bush in nasah tah in GHG emission suhkiem ding ana dal ma nanleh zong a states dangte hunkhop in suhkiem ding ana ngai khawh veve uhi. Sep. 27, 2006 in California governor, filmstar lui Arnold Scharzenegger in GHG suhkiem nading toh kisai in dantha khat – Assembly Bill-32 kichi ana bawl hi. Aman politician, business leh environmental advocates te kung ah tam AB-32 khu environment kepbitna dinga huntha ahi banah, California state tangthu adia theiphah leh chiemte tham ching ding ahi dan gen hi.
Bangteng tung ah kipah huoi tah khat ahileh, tukum a 33veina G-8 Summit Heiligendamn (Germany) ah June 8 ni in kinoptuana thupuon ang nei thei ta uhi. Tamnah gam khangtousa teng banah, akhangtoulel - India, Brazil, China, Mexico leh South-Africa gamte zong tel ua, maban ah nasahtah a GHG supung thei ahi dan uh gen uang mama uhi. Tua thupuon te laha apoimaw pen khu kum 2050 tan a GHG emission 50% a suhtawm dinga tua hileh leitung temperature atawmpen in 2 degree celcius bang in kiem phading hi. Tukum December chieng in UN Climate Change Conference Indonesia ah umkia dinga tuanah telkim chiet ding in zong kinuomtua uhi.
Sources:href="http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/">http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/ , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_trading
www.globalissues.org/EnvIssues/GlobalWarming.asp - 34k, www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/ etc. etc.
PHOTOs BELOW ----
Fig. Factory lawng apat mei khu in air pollution piengsah
Figure 2 Vannei Kaammei Bang Saa
Figure 3 Antartica vuoh khal junn
Figure 4: Delegates of G 8 Summit in Heiligendamn (Germany), June 2007
S. Thangboi Zou,
NEHU Campus, Shillong-22
Sabang buolna Simlei
“I have no doubt, whatsoever, that climate change is the greatest environmental challenge we face. The evidence of such change is now overwhelming” (Rt. Hon. Tony Blair, Prime Minister, United Kingdom).
Tam leitung pen planet chi tuom-tuomte lah a, Pasian silsiem hinna neite dinga teenna leh khosah theina umsun khu ahi. Leitung a scientist siem leh minthang tampiten mundang teen theina ding aum ei chia asui-sui uh tunitan in bangma musuo umnai tadi lou phot hi. Tambang kaal ah leimihingte khovel pilna-siemna (science&technology) lama kalsaang suonna nasat ta dungjui leh hausat ding leh thunei ding kituna jieh in leitung a ganhing, sing, guo leh tui (ecology & environment) hing leh dam dingdengte hoina leh manphatna khu nasah tah a suh kha’h in a’ng um ta hi.
Hinanleh, bang tan a suhsieta um a, bangtan a khawh atai chi kikupna gam khangtou ten zong anei zing ua, tam khu terrorist ten mihing mawna beite asuhbuoi a asuh genthei bang ua, langkhat lam a mihingten zong kim-leh-pam a bangma theilou ganhing, singkung leh adang dangte tung ah lungsietna bei zen a gumtatna pen ‘act of terrorism’ (gogam-ngalhatna) chikhat veve ahi chithei phiel ding hi. Tamte zieh in leitung khuo umdan (asa-avotna) kiheng gawp ta a, nidang hun lai-laite sa’ng in tu in igam in kumchin in sat lam manaw hiei-hiei ta hi.
Global Warming kichi bang e?
Scientist ten asui na uah leitung planet pen lungthu(hearth) tunga belkuong kitung bang in ssa(heated) deu deu a, gamvotna munte ah vuo-khal jun hiei hiei in, tuipi-dan(sea level) khang tou hut hut ta chi uhi. Tuamai hilou in, gammanga singkungte kisaat maai deudeu in gamsate zong kiem mama ta hi. Tampen bangma danga hing kipan hilou in mihingte hakhiet/bawlkhiet greenhouse gas (GHG) kichi apat hing pieng khie ahi. Tami huisie (GHG) khu tuma kum 650,000 hunlai saang in tu in tam zaw mama ta a, tami gas in leitung satna(temperature) kibelap sah hi. Tam khu mangkam in Climate Change or Global Warming kichi hi. Bang hing chi kipat a bang hing chi pien khiet ahiei sui khe vai.
Tam sil zauhuoi toh kisai a khatlawna khovel gam chin phiel ah hing tunga, kum 1992 in Rio de Janeiro khopi (Brazil) ah UN nuoi a kipunkhawm gam 100 val apat lamkai(head of states) teng in kimu khawmna nei ua, climate kihen toh kisai leh sil dangdang adieh in kiim-leh- pam(environment) toh kisai a ki-kupkhawmna nei uhi. Tam khawmpi khu Earth Summit kichi hi. Lamkai peikhawm teng in maban panlah dingdan toh kisai a kinoptuona thuhun bawl ua, tuate lah a poimaw dieh khat khu ‘Convention on Climate Change’ ahi. Tuabanah, tamthute toh kisai in kum 5 dan a khatvei jel kimukhawmna nei ding in kithukim ua, a en kaitu ding leh report bawl zing ding in ‘Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) dinkhie uhi.
Global Warming bang hing chi pieng e? (Causes)
Green house gas khu Carbon gases (CO2, CO, CFC, etc.)te apat hing pieng ahi. Leitung leh vaan (space) kikaal ah huikhuo(atmosphere) um a, tuakhu lei a teeng hinna neiteng a dinga poimaw masa pen khat ahi. Hinanleh, tam huikhuo khu Carbon gas in aniin (pollute) sah thei hi. CO2 ahileh huikhuo a um mawng hina pi in, leitung a sing leh guo kihaal jieh, vanbawlna khawl buhte (factories), gari khute(smokes) leh adangdangte zieh in nasa tah in suh pung in um hul-hul hi.
Leitung in nisa/nivaa (heat) hun chin in amu zing a, tua khu incoming solar radiation kichi hi. Tualeh, tam heat amuzat tengma anua letou kia a, khum khu terrestrial radiation kichi hi. Huikhuo a CO2 gas in nisa apat avah-asa(heat) hing kumsuh pen daal lou a, hinanleh leitung in anua sawltoute daal in, atamzaw apei ding bang in peitou suoh theilou a, huikhuo ah kikhol (accumulated) den hi. Tuami in anuoia leitung/leitang khu lum sah pelpul mai a, tampen Greenhouse Effect (GE) kichi hi.
Scientist ten tam greenhouse pen kum1824 lai a na mu uh hi ta hi. Tami green house pen asie(harmful) pumpang hilou a, leitunga di’a sil poimaw tah khat ahi zaw hi. Tam umlou hita leh leitung vot seng dinga teen theina suoh lou jel ding hi chi’n Climatologist minthang Joseph Fourier kichipan ana gen hi. Kum 1895 in Swedish Chemist, Svante Arrhenius in mihingten carbondioxide apan in green house effect hatsah/punsah thei ahidan ana sui khie hi. Tam GHG pen hunsawt tah ngaina banga(stable) na pei ze’l hinanleh tukhang in fossil fuel, GHG emission, volcanic eruption & El Nino etc. asang seng ta ziah in tam GF hat mama tahi. Tuazieh in vanney khu ssadeu deu hi. Kum 1990 apat kumchin in GHG 6 billion metric tones (20%) vel in khang hi.
Ozone Layer vang ta !!! (Ozone Hole)
Igensa mabang in, lei leh vaan kikal pen huikhuo in atuom a, tua huikhuo khu adan-dan(layers) in um hi. Tam huikhuo-dante khu aniempen apat asang pentan a gen in- Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere (ozonosphere), leh Ionosphere chia minvaw ahi uhi. Tam khu leitung apan in kilometer 600 banga sang ahi. Ozone Layer ahileh leitung apan 16-35km. kikal vela um huikhuo chikhat ahia, ozone gas (O3) in atuom hi. Tam khun Troposphere tunglam leh Stratosphere nuoi lamdeu teng luo hi. Tami hui-dan in mihing leitung hinna neite dinga zauhuoi, nisa apan vaah hoilou chikhat (UV-Ray) ana dal hi. Tam UV Ray in vunnatna, cancer leh adangdang mihing leh ganhingte tung ah tun thei hi. Tuabanah, tam Ray ahileh asa mama a, leitung a hinna neite ding in thuoh zaw guol hilou ding hi. Ozone-dan bang dinga kisia ahiei? Atangpi in GHG leh adangdangte zieh zong ahia, adieh in gas chikhat chlorofluorocarbon (CFC Gas) ten aha susiet hi. CFC ahileh atang piin meikhu, adiah in volcano apan hing kipan nasah mama hi. Asui miten Ozone layer kum 10 dan in 5% vel keeh/vang zing hi chi uhi. Ozone hole (hawm/vang) ahileh Antarctic vuo-khal gam apat nasa tah in muthei in um hi.
Global Warming in bang hing tunding? (Effects)
Leitung satna 1o F val in kal ta hi. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) ten amu dan un temperature khan zieh in leitung ah sil lamdang tampi tung zou ta a, tuate tamlou en suh va ui:
i)Leitung sim leh mal ningtawng(N&S poles) adieh in Greenland leh Antarctica a vuuh/vuo khal tampi jun jungjung ta hi. Silsuimi Bill Fraser in kum 30 sung in Antartica vuo-gam a Adelie Penguin te kiem deudeu a, a population 32,000 apat in 11,000 pha suh tahi. Penguin te pen ganhing nam avotna mun chauh a khosa thei ahi uhi. Tamte zieh in tuipi (sea level rise) thuuh deu deu hi. Tualeh, maban ah 17 – 23 inches vel a kal belap nalai ding a gintaat ahi.
ii)Vannei mun khenkhat asat seng ta zieh in ganhing nam- tuithe(butterflies), si-al/keipuong, leh singkung nam khenkhat te gam saa apat in avot gam (Malgam) del in pem ta uhi.
iii)Huipi leh pumpei(hurricanes) te hat in uong deu deu ding hi. Tuilian(flood) leh gamgaw(drought) huoise semsem ding hi.
iv)Tuisieng (fresh water) dawnthei tawm deu deu ding hi. Peru gam a Quelccaya ice cap zun nasa mama a, tu abat tou jel leh 2100 kum chieng in beimang thei hiel ding hi. Agam mi sa’ng valte tuineh leh meita’ng (electric power) lahna buoi tham mama ding hi.
v)Khosihpi (Malaria) natna ha’t deu deu ding hi. Ecosystem (ganhing-tenna) kihenglam dang ding a, ganhing khenkhatte malgam lam ah pem ding ua, va kihinsuo thei ding uh, hinanleh khenkhat climate kihen jieh in ki adapt (kingei)theilou in shi bei phiel ding uhi. Wildlife lam suimi Martyn Obbard in amukhiet na ah, 1980s kim vel in polar gamkuom a vuo-khal atawm tajieh in ngaah(fish) leh vuh-vompi/kangpi(polar-bear) te gawng deudeu uh ana chi hi. Hudson Bay ah zong tabang ma in sil tung hi. Azau huoipen khat khu ice abei ngei-ngei leh polar bear leh ganhing dangdang te zong beimang mai ding uhi.
Global Warming bangchi suhbei/kiemsah ding? (Solutions)
Mihingte global warming tuntu ahi chipen chienkuong ta a, hinanleh banglaw a hoithei kia ding chipen sil buoi um pikhat bang hi. Tuni’n GHG sutawp nanlei zong leitung satna degree bangzat e khata kal thou thou tading hi. Bawlthei umsun khat ahi leh asat dan degree level niem sah a, GHG kikholzat (concentration) khu kha’m-ta’ng (stabilize) ding chi khu ahi. IPCC ngaidan in GHG kihakhietna(emission) pen 50-80% bang a suh kiem sah poimaw ding hi. Bangchi suhkiem thei ding? Tami suhkiem nadinga factory leh industry tuomtuom nasep tampi suhkiem ngai masa tei ding a, gamkhangtousa leh akhanglelte ding in silbailam hivawtlou jel hi.
Khovel a government leh mipi tampiten tam suhkiem nading in pan halah mama ta uhi. Hinanleh langkhat ah, tulai leitung gam tuomtuomte khawl-nasepna lam leh khantouna(industrial development) tuomtuom a kitaidemna hatlai tah in tam GHG suhkiem ding pen sil bailam hikhollou jel hi. Gam khangtousate, adieh in US, Japan leh European gamte ading in namai hilou hi, aziehpen a vanbawl(production) uh nasa tah in kiempha ding hi.
Tualeh, pollution suh tawmna ding in Carbon/Emission Trading kichi dan khat um kia hi. Company/factory lienpipi neite khu pollution umsah tu a mawsah ahi tangpi hi. Amau ua ding tam dan siem khiet ahi. GHG aha khiet ding zaat uh huntawh(limit) siempi chiet in a um ua, ‘Credit Card or Allowances’ kichi phalna leh phalpi zaat kigelna lai pieh chiet ahi uhi. Akiphalpi zaat saang ua tamjaw asiem khiet uleh ‘fine’ kibawl a, atawm zawt leh nuomman(incentives) pieh hileu leu jel uhi. Koipou a limit sanga sang zaw GHG aha khiet ut leh atawm hakhete kunga credit card ava leibe jel uh ngai ding hi. Leitung a gamte kikal ah zong tambang a bawl hi veve hi. Tamin bangtan e khat in GHG emission dal zou ding a gintat ahi.
Koigam te’n GHG ahakhe tam pen uoi? (Main Emitting Countries)
Hunsawtpi apat tunitan phiel in USA in GHG hakhe tampen nalai hi. Gam khangtouta teng-USA, eastern Europe gam, Australia, Japan te khovela meikhu hakhe tampente ahi ua, hinanleh, lamdangloutah in akhangtoulel gamte lah a khat- China leh India in zong hakhetam petma uhi. Tu leh tu in khovel gampumpia GHG emitter lienpen lawi suoh ta uhi. Hinanleh per capita emission(mimal/mipi toh etkahna) dungjuia I et leh USA a lienjaw mama hi. Bangtang hileh, USA in GHG a hakhietdan tangpi themkhat envai:
i)Leitung misiing(population) umteng laha USA a teng 4 %(zakhat laha li) pha giep hi. Hinanleh, CO2 gas se-li laha se-khat(1/4th) tami gam apat in pieng a, tuakhu China, Japan leh India gamtenga gawm sang in zong tamzaw hi. Mimal chin in kumkhat in carbon gas 40,000 pound hakhie zou in hisap thei hi.
ii)America ten kumkhat sung in laidal(paper) 50 million tons zangkhie ua, tuana zah ding in singkung/gua million 850val kisat jel hi.
iii)Gari lampang ah, car leh truck kigawm in million 200 val lampi ah tai jing hi.Tuabanah, petrol 200 million gallons nikhat in mang chai uhi. Tam gari khute(smokes) apat in air pollution 56% piengkhe zou hi. Adangte pen atangpi in factorite apat hing kipan hi.
iv)Kumchin in US factoriten huikhuo ah huisie (chemical) billion 2.4 pound hakhe jeljel uhi.
v)Agam in thautui lahna/bawlna(oil reserves) 2% chauh anei hang in khovel pumpi a thautui bawlkhiet/mukhiet 25% bang zang zou hit-het mawh uhi. Akigendan in, leitung a thautui 16% USA te gari/moto sung ah lutmang kichi hi.
Tuajieh in, journal khenkhat in asuina uah, 2002 kum in US state 32 apat mipi milliom 160 te teenna gam khu hui sienglou - smog leh soot kichite adim hi in tahlang uhi. Tambang polluted khopi sunga teeng ten midangte saang in sinn-cancer natna veitheina(chance) 12% a tam zaw nei uhi.
Leitung Gamte panlah dan (Global Warming & G8+5 Summit)
Igensa mabang in, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) khawmpi Rio de Janerio, (Brazil), 1992 a aman lai un gamtuom tuom apat lamkai peikhawmten environment lampang toh kisai ki-noptuona thuhun poimaw ana nei uhi. Tam thuhun khu Agenda-21sungah ana tel kha hi. Tuamun ah leitung a huihoilou leh climate kihenna siemkhie bulpite US leh gamkhangtousate ahi uh chi ngawna nabawl masa ngal ta uhi.
Tualeh, US leh adangten carbon gas asuhpung uh nasa taha suhkiem ding uh apoimaw dan zong kikum uhi. Akhawmpi um chin in tamthu agenda poimaw pen a gen tuh in umzinga, hinanleh, USA in zanuom ngailou hi. Aziehpen carbon gas emission asuh-ngiemna ding in industry tampi khawlsah ngai ding a, tuabangkal ah US pen leitunga superpower ahinatoh, tabang in bawl tamawh leh amauh demthei ding leh khupkhel thei ding gamdang hing umding chi ajau man un, lawital nahkhau vula bang zing keei mawh sam hi. Dih zong dih veve hi.
1997 khawmpi (Kyoto Protocol, New York) a ana kinopna uah, gam peikhawmteng in GHG emission pen kum 2012 tan chienga 1990 kum a saanga 5.2 % a suhtawm ding chi ahia, hinanleh agam chiet uh anuatun chieng un koi suhkiem malah ah… habawl tasem uhi!!
Bangzieha George Bush hichi lungkhau getgut ahiei chi zong dohtham ching thou hi. China, Russia leh gamdang khenkhatte ama dehthei ding a gintat ahi toujel a…Tuamai hilou, China khu US ban a GHG hakhe tampen ahia, hinanleh Kyoto Protocol in suhkiem ding thu apuonna ah China pen phut khavet lou jel a, tuakhu US in ngai siem thei lou hi. Kum 2007 leh 2010 kikal sung in China in US GHG ah phatou tading a gintat ahi tahi. Hinanleh, China khu ‘developed’ hilou a, ‘developing’ gam ahi nalai zieh a kham a umlou hijaw ding hi. Langkhat ah, gamkhangtou liailiai pan India, Brazil leh adangdang ten zong industry tuomtuom habawl mama ua, GHG hunkhoppi hutdoh veve uhi. Hinanleh khawmpi umteng a suh kiem ding lam a phut khah ahi chieng un ut deh suoi lou uhi. “Nou develoloped gamten na tawp sah uh hunta, kou kagam un tahsap tampi nei nalai, tu tadi in kou a ding in poimaw nailou ahi” chi san jel uhi.
George W Bush in nasah tah in GHG emission suhkiem ding ana dal ma nanleh zong a states dangte hunkhop in suhkiem ding ana ngai khawh veve uhi. Sep. 27, 2006 in California governor, filmstar lui Arnold Scharzenegger in GHG suhkiem nading toh kisai in dantha khat – Assembly Bill-32 kichi ana bawl hi. Aman politician, business leh environmental advocates te kung ah tam AB-32 khu environment kepbitna dinga huntha ahi banah, California state tangthu adia theiphah leh chiemte tham ching ding ahi dan gen hi.
Bangteng tung ah kipah huoi tah khat ahileh, tukum a 33veina G-8 Summit Heiligendamn (Germany) ah June 8 ni in kinoptuana thupuon ang nei thei ta uhi. Tamnah gam khangtousa teng banah, akhangtoulel - India, Brazil, China, Mexico leh South-Africa gamte zong tel ua, maban ah nasahtah a GHG supung thei ahi dan uh gen uang mama uhi. Tua thupuon te laha apoimaw pen khu kum 2050 tan a GHG emission 50% a suhtawm dinga tua hileh leitung temperature atawmpen in 2 degree celcius bang in kiem phading hi. Tukum December chieng in UN Climate Change Conference Indonesia ah umkia dinga tuanah telkim chiet ding in zong kinuomtua uhi.
Sources:
www.globalissues.org/EnvIssues/GlobalWarming.asp - 34k, www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/ etc. etc.
PHOTOs BELOW ----
Fig. Factory lawng apat mei khu in air pollution piengsah
Figure 2 Vannei Kaammei Bang Saa
Figure 3 Antartica vuoh khal junn
Figure 4: Delegates of G 8 Summit in Heiligendamn (Germany), June 2007
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