Wednesday, October 17, 2012
Tulai Kitendan Mantam: Dansiengthou maw Zansiengthou?
S. Thangboi Zou
Zogam Today July, 2012 issue ah “Delhi ah hateng in Dowry jieh in mi 12 shi gige... India pumpi ah kum 2010 sung in dowry jieh a shi mi 8391 pha..” chi kana sim lai in kalung ah eite kitenna leh vanken dante hing kilang hi. Eilam ah zong middle class (class in kikhen chet sih leizong) te sum leh pai a khantouna Indian economy khatnouna jal zou tampi a umtah lai in, kitenna leh mou vanken lam ah nidang hun toh tekah in nasah tah in ki uang bawl ta hi. Iten khawmpi uh Meiteite kitenna leh mou vanken uang dan tangthu dan a naki gengen pen eite kitenna leh ivanken dan utoh kikhietna tamseng nawnlou bang hi. Ahausa deu ten sum leh pai, innmun/loumun, gari, innsung van chikim, (a innpum phiel in) itanute uh iguot ua, azawng lam ten tuabang lieng in bawl zou sih nanlei zong, ahaute bawldan I enton ua,‘ahuntawh’ khat iguon veve sam uhi. Mou puini chieng in mitamzaw, amei-apa chi umlou in mounun bang van ang keng ei? athupi ei? chite bilkawm ah iki dong tuo suausuau gam ua, apoimaw pen ibang sah hiel ta uhi. A nua guu (effect) muthei bailampen ahileh, dan a kiteng mi tawm hiei-hiei a, kiguh pung hulhul hi. Vanken dan leh mouman kitupchet inei lou jieh un nupi khenkhat tu-le-ta muthei khop hielta a aman (bride price) kikhum nailou um thei hi.
Kitenna khu sakhuo (Christian sakhuo) toh ki nai mai hilou in, kizop hi. Nielkal (critiques) ten Christianity 33 A.D vel a kipan hi a, society khu B.C 3000 lai pia ana um hita bangchi dan in? chin dong uhi. Adawnna hoipen ahileh Eden huon akitenna khu lei kisiemchiil apat um ana hita hi. Tuajieh in kitenna khu khotang tondan (social institution) hi nanleh sakhuo lam apat hing kipan a, tuana pat in khotang tawndan ah hing kikai suh kia hi. Pasian in a namdet thuhun siengthou leh beinawnlou (sacred&permanent covenent) ahijieh in tunitan in kitenna ah sakhuona (religion) in mun poimawpen phiel luo zing hi.
Kitenna dante mihing ten isiemtawm uh ahi. Dan kichi chini (two types) a khen thei hi: Gelthaw (written law) and Gellou (unwritten law) ahi. Written law khu namkhat, pawlpi khat, gamkhat kivaihawmna nuoi a umten kibawl in kijui a, unwritten law ahileh gelkhiet hilou in, nidanglai hun a pata ana kijui tuni tan khawllou a kijuiden peidan (tradition) ahi. Nidang in idan uh ipi leh puten laibu sung ah ana giellut sih ulezong ana juikhawm thei uhi. Hinanleh akibahlouna ahileh a be le phung leh tenna gamkaite atuom dungjui in tondante uh zong ana kibanglou thei jel hi. Tunin eiten i zahkawm thei ding, gente na in, Zou Custom Book lamkaiten ana siem ua, tuanah kiten dan - moupui, vanken, mouman leh adangdangte kimtah in um sih nanleh atangpi a kijui teng kitah lang hi. Zou Custom laibu in, mouhah dan leh vanken chite agen vang in numei leh pasal kigawm dingdan chet gen khalou hi. Tuakhu biehin lam mopuohna a koi khiet hiding in agintat um mai hi. Tunin minam khat ihi uleh itawndan juidinga ki kigen/kigielte ijui dih na uh amah chi khatvei enpha kia ulei dei huoi hi.
Nidang ipi leh pute hun lai in, Christian ana hisih nan ulezong, a pasiante uleh siempute maai ah ana kigawm uhi. Mou man ding in siel (mithun) ana khum ua, tuakhu siel tahtah ma in ana kipie ua, ju-um tun kichite zong ju tahtah ma in ana kikhum uhi. Christian ihing suo ua pat in tumlam gam a Christiante (adieh in missionaryten) hing puoh lut kitendante ihing jui panta uhi. Moupuon-tuol, coat suit, neck-tie, kengdap, crown, khutsip/jungbu, leh adangdangte khu tumlam gamte tawndan/kicheidan ahia, tunin ei tawndan zong ahing suoh thei ta hi. Kitendan genlou in zong culture/tawndan tampi westernte (sapkangte) a kila hi. Tambangte khu ipu leh pate hunlai in a um gentahlou in amanglam uah zong ana mukha lou ding uhi. Khotang, sakhuo leh kivaihawmna tuomtuomte ah zong tumlamte tawndan leh khandan ijui bukim phiel ta uhi. Siemsinna lam ah adieh in kipahttuompi mama ahi chi pen manghil guol lou ahi, tuajieh in tami westernization khu Christianity ipom man uh silthawnpieh (gift) khat ang suoh ta hi. Kipahhuoi.
Kitendan ‘bailam’ leh ‘hamsa’
Kitendan ‘bailam’ ichi khu tulai a kitai (elopement) igenna ahia, ‘dansiengthou’ a kitenna hilou hi. Tulai miten kiguh a kitenna khu ‘zansiengthou’ achi sepsop uhi. Tuakhu atangpi a zanlai akigu ahisihleh zanchienga koima mulou kal a pasal in aji dia aguuh numei khu inn a tunpi china himai di’ng hi. Tuakhu numei leh pasal ki-it kingai a kiteng utte di’a bailam (shortcut) leh mantawm (economical) pen ahi mai hi. Hinanleh, church member ihi jieh in tambang a kitendan pen Christian dan hilou china toh kipom theilou in, tuabanga bawlte khu danpulam a nawkhiet (nawsuah) hijel hi. Church apat kinawkhietna umlou hileh hikhel a kitenna bailam leh kizen um ding in gintat huoilou phiel hi. Hinanleh kiguhna beituonlou in, tam semsem dan kilang hi. Hattuom lamkaiten (pastors, elders, etc) ahoilou dan agen tam deudeu uleh khanglaite kigu tam deu deu bang mai hi. Tuni tan in hattuom in adamdoi ding chet mujou nai sih lezong kiguh kiten pen deilou in kham tinten nalai sam hi. Suichiente apat kimudan in, igam a khopisung ah, khanglai ji/pasal nei za lah a 3-4 vel in dan in nei uhi . Tua ahileh, khota/singtang ah 1% zong phalou ding china hi. Gente na’n, kakhuo uah kum 1987 in dansieng in kitenna ana um a, tuazou 2011 in hing kibawl kia pan hi. Kum 24 kikal kihal va ia hi. Tuahun kikal a kiteng teng khu kiguh/kitai uh china ahi.
Alangkhat ah, ‘dan siengthou’ um hi. ‘Pasian dan siengthou a kitenna’ kichi sese hi. English kam ah ‘holy matrimony’ kichi a, akhietna chet khu ‘kitenna siengthou’ china ahia, Pasian gawm ahijieh in ‘holy’ chi kammal Christianten ana zang tangpi uhi. Tam kitendan khu tumlam gamte a toh akikhietna umlou hi. Pastor/Pasian siempu mai a kikhutsuina leh kichiemna kibawl ahi jieh a ‘siengthou’ chia kimin vaw hiding in gintat um hi. Tami kitendan khu miteng in kidei a, kitum chiet a, kilawm in zatathuoi zong kisa chiet hi. Numei naupang apat nungah lengkul tan angaidan vadong lei, adawnna uh: ‘dam sung in khatvei mipi mai ah moupuon kasil leh (pasal kinei leh) ka ut hi’ chi khu ahi tangpi hi. Isuichet leh, pasal saang in numeiten dansiengthou a kitenna khu ngaisang zaw dieh uhi. Moupuontuol dipdep sil ding kilopna jieh hi tangpi hi.
Kitendan ‘bailam’ ichi khu tulai a kitai (elopement) igenna ahia, ‘dansiengthou’ a kitenna hilou hi. Tulai miten kiguh a kitenna khu ‘zansiengthou’ achi sepsop uhi. Tuakhu atangpi a zanlai akigu ahisihleh zanchienga koima mulou kal a pasal in aji dia aguuh numei khu inn a tunpi china himai di’ng hi. Tuakhu numei leh pasal ki-it kingai a kiteng utte di’a bailam (shortcut) leh mantawm (economical) pen ahi mai hi. Hinanleh, church member ihi jieh in tambang a kitendan pen Christian dan hilou china toh kipom theilou in, tuabanga bawlte khu danpulam a nawkhiet (nawsuah) hijel hi. Church apat kinawkhietna umlou hileh hikhel a kitenna bailam leh kizen um ding in gintat huoilou phiel hi. Hinanleh kiguhna beituonlou in, tam semsem dan kilang hi. Hattuom lamkaiten (pastors, elders, etc) ahoilou dan agen tam deudeu uleh khanglaite kigu tam deu deu bang mai hi. Tuni tan in hattuom in adamdoi ding chet mujou nai sih lezong kiguh kiten pen deilou in kham tinten nalai sam hi. Suichiente apat kimudan in, igam a khopisung ah, khanglai ji/pasal nei za lah a 3-4 vel in dan in nei uhi . Tua ahileh, khota/singtang ah 1% zong phalou ding china hi. Gente na’n, kakhuo uah kum 1987 in dansieng in kitenna ana um a, tuazou 2011 in hing kibawl kia pan hi. Kum 24 kikal kihal va ia hi. Tuahun kikal a kiteng teng khu kiguh/kitai uh china ahi.
Alangkhat ah, ‘dan siengthou’ um hi. ‘Pasian dan siengthou a kitenna’ kichi sese hi. English kam ah ‘holy matrimony’ kichi a, akhietna chet khu ‘kitenna siengthou’ china ahia, Pasian gawm ahijieh in ‘holy’ chi kammal Christianten ana zang tangpi uhi. Tam kitendan khu tumlam gamte a toh akikhietna umlou hi. Pastor/Pasian siempu mai a kikhutsuina leh kichiemna kibawl ahi jieh a ‘siengthou’ chia kimin vaw hiding in gintat um hi. Tami kitendan khu miteng in kidei a, kitum chiet a, kilawm in zatathuoi zong kisa chiet hi. Numei naupang apat nungah lengkul tan angaidan vadong lei, adawnna uh: ‘dam sung in khatvei mipi mai ah moupuon kasil leh (pasal kinei leh) ka ut hi’ chi khu ahi tangpi hi. Isuichet leh, pasal saang in numeiten dansiengthou a kitenna khu ngaisang zaw dieh uhi. Moupuontuol dipdep sil ding kilopna jieh hi tangpi hi.
Tulai Dansiengthou a kigawmna
Dansiengthou a ji/pasal nei miteng in dei mama hinapiin, bang di’a dansieng a kiteng mi tabang a tawm adiei? Mihing ihi a silteng kim mai hilou in, khotangmi (social being) zong kihi ahi. Khotangmi ihina ah dan um hi. Tua idan jui in ihinkho mandan nasahtah in hing gen kha (reflect) hi. Idan anem ahileh ki zalenthei a, idan akhau chieng in kigah/zalenlou hi. I dan siengthou (holy law)ichi pen un ‘siengthou (holy)’ nanleh hing zalensah leh hing thadam sah (relaxing) khol lou hileh kilawm! Dan zalenzaw leh thadamzaw khu miten kidel a kizui ut zaw deu hi. Tuajieh in dan siengthou saang in ‘zansiengthou’ a kiteng khanglaite lah ah tam mama hi.
Dan a kitenna ah numei leh pasalte ding in kisah khol masah ding sil tampi ki umsah hi. Kidawp-kiheel chite genlou in “aloutheilou” dan a ingaituo uh sil tam mama ahi chieng in akhenten kitenni atun masang in ana chimtah man uhi. Dan a kineina ah, sil chi-ni kijui: hattuom dan leh iphung/inam-dan(traditional custom). Kitenna/kigawmna ah hattuom dan kijui a, moupuina leh mouhahna ah eima dan kijui hi. Kiguh-kitenna abailamna khat khu koima sep le bawl sum lepai a subuoi lou hi. Asiet tawp leh, pasal lam chauh buoi hi. Hinanleh, dansienga kitenna ah a numei leh pasal lam tegel nasatah in subuoi hi. Numei lamte akihahna ding ah buoi pan ngal ua, pasalte kigawmna/moulopna ding ah buoi ngal uhi. Tam tegel ah sum asing-alakh tel a sim poimaw masa ngal hi. Nei leh neilou thu in pawlou in kitenna ding leh kihahna ding in nasa tah a kisah khol masah ngai hi.
Tulai i society a tamveipi kimuthei khat khu, pasal khenkhat muntuom ah nasem in va um ua, a ji nei ut chieng un innlam ah hing pei ua, ji ding gam leh lei hawl kipan uhi. Ahing muchieng un kiten ding vai asawm phing ua, numeite insung aman leh manlou chi ngaituo sese lou in, amapa hun kibichil jieh in, kiten ding vai hawm ngal hi. Tuabang dinmun ah numeite aneizou ahi uleh, akhaw sih a, hinanleh, nei khollou hasa sasa a kipat sawm, sah leh hang a uleh naute panpina sui vevaw diang lele kitam hi. Miteng dinmun kibanglou ahia, akhente hunsawt kingah thei um a, ki-ngah thei nonlou a kiteng kin poimaw leh kul zong um tham ding hi. Hinanleh theiding khat khu, pasalte jinei ding a kiging bemset a hing kuon ahi bang un, numeite pasal neidi’a kigingsa ana hise se lou uhi. Khenkhat ten ahileh mou vadawp ua, anumei lam in a ‘yes’ ngeingei leh hapta khat/ ni vel kisah kholna ding in hun pia ua, ani-ahun fixed ngal mai uhi. Tua khu ase pawngsan hilou in; igensa bang in, mihausa kitengte a ding in buoi huoi lou hi. Hinanleh, I society a tamzawte ji/pasal nei ding jieh in neisa-lamsa leh pugou-pagou neisun zuohkhie a kipan chen-chen kitam a, puonat huoi hi. Kiten zou chieng in aguu kithuo hi. Jinei nichienga thupi deu a mite mai ah kilah ding, mite genphatna zong tan ding, mite ngaisangna zong tang maithei, hinanleh kiten zou chienga leibat toh inten pat ding ahijel hi. Kitenna di’a kipanpitua khu ahoi hi, nanleh maban a leibat kiguon kihi veve hi.
Kitendan khu hattuom chin ah kikhietna themkhat khat um nanleh, apeidan tangpi kibang phiel hi. Kicheidan atangpi in numeiten gown (puontuol) sil a pasalten coat sil hi. Moupuon ngou (gown) in tahsa-lungsim ‘sienthouna’ (piety/virginity) ensah hi, chipawl um hi. Kigawmdan (step) ahileh pastorten adei bang chiet un bawl jel uhi. Hattuom khat hinanleh, pastor teng bawldan kibang kim lou hi. Atamzaw ten nidang apat ana kijuiden mou-thian (best man/woman) kinei hi. Hinanleh, tulai in mi khenkhat in thian neilou in bawl ta uhi. Atangpia thian neiloute dohna ibawl leh, adawnna uh khu: ‘thian umlou khu sum liaulou in ki ‘saved’ zaw hi’, chi ahi. Mou-thian ahileh ngentel tah a gen in, theipitu (witness) dinga kizang ahi. Mikhen khat in moute enkol ding leh kithuopi ding, akicheidan ana entup zing ding a kikoi ahi, chi ua, poimaw kasa khol sih hi. Moute, adieh in mounu, inmun apat azep ding bang a kijem jou a mipi mai a hing ding/tou khu bangma etkaai kia ngai nawnlou hi. Tualeh, witness tungtang ah, Pasian dansiengthou a kitenna khu asiengthou thei banga et leh bawl poimaw ahina ah, witnessnu/pa khu mibang chibang e, khotang leh hattuom sunga di’a bualou (asiang) leh etton taah ahinai; ‘asiengthou kitenna’ichi hiel tah uleh, a witness apang hiel ding in amanu/pa aching na’i? chite ngaisut tham ching veve hi. Ahi, koimata Pasian mai a siengthou zou ki umlou ma ding hi. Igen utpen tualam maimai hilou in, mouthian nei a kitenna hei a pat ina lahkhiet uh e? Tualeh tukhang a ding in apoimaw nai? chite ahi jaw hi.
Kum 200 A.D lai vel in German gam a Goth kichi namte apat ana kithei hi. Amaun bestman khu mounu leh moupa vengtu (bodyguard) in ana zang uhi. Tuahun lai in kitennakhu nu le pa deisahna toh ana kibawl khollou hi. Pasalten aji ding uh vadap guuh jel ua, tuana aguuhpi ding in alawi mi bangjat ekhat toh kuon jel uhi. Tuana alawite khu kitenna mun a bridegroom-men (moupa nuajuite) in pang ua, tuateng alah a alawi kinaipi penpen khu moupan a Bestman (Thianpa) ding in tel hi. Mounu innkoten moupa adia adeisah sih uleh, kitenni chieng in thagum toh hing nuakai doh kia khaah ding kivenna in Thianpa (ei ham a Lawipa) khu kiten hunsung teng in mounu leh moupa kung ah um zing hi. Kitenzou azingnitanpha ah zong moupate innmai ah sentry (vengtu) in ding den nalai a, hiam leh thal (weapons) kiningching tah in dapkoi hi. Greece gam a Eastern Orthodox Chruch ten bestman khu kitenni a sum leh pai beiteng tuohtu (sponsor) in zang uhi. Greek ham ah Koumbaros (bestman) leh Koumbara(bestwoman) kichia, tuakhu Religious Sponsor china ahi. Atangpi in tulai a tumlam gam ah (Christiante) bestman kizahna te khu: (1) Bachelor party a makaitu ahi. Kitenni masang zan chieng in moupa tangval tawpna haahna program bawltu leh makaitu in pang hi. (2) Rehearsal kibawlna ah lamkai hi. (3) Silbangkim phiel a Moupa panpitu ding (4) Kitenmasang a moupa dresste entup ding (5) Kitenna mun a moupa jungbu tawi ding (6) Marriage certificate/license a suoikai ding (witness ding) (7) Innmun a vaidawnna program a mouthiannu toh laam (dance) ding (8) Tuana lawi leh pai hing tel theiloute telegram/letter/message simkhe ding leh (9) Silpiehte (gifts) entup ding, chite ahi. Tuabang phiel in best-woman zong mounu lam ading in kizang hi.
Hoitah in ngaisut lei, point 1-9 tan tulai ei society adin apoimaw umlou phiel hi. Greekte bang in sum le pai beiteng bestman/woman in atuoh sih a, akicheina dingteng uh moupan alei zaw hi. Gift teng enkai ding usherte ahilou leh tanute um ta hi. Moupa dress koima va et tup ngai lou hi. Bachelor party zong kibawl vateh lou in, reception a dance zong kibawl lou hi. Mounu miten hing kaimangsah va chia jau ding lah bangma umlou. Tuabanah, Goth namte dan a ji vaguh zou a dansieng a kitenna kibawl lou hi (Eilah ah mikhenkhat kiguh zou a biehinn a kigawm pai um thou nanleh). Igen noppen khu, kitenna ah ‘thian’ leh ‘mounuajui’ ichite khu tulai khang a di’n thuvaal (unnecessary) maimai hita chithei hi. Sum leh pai seng sah maimai ahi bou hi. Kitenna tamzaw ah athiante kivonna sil leh ten teng pasalten leisah ngai ahiban ah, akhawh diah ahileh, tulai in mounute kihahni chieng a kicheina ding tanpha pasalten leisah ngai tazen hi! Pasalten aleisah lou lezong numeilam ten abuoipi ngai thouthou hi. Hoitah in ngaituo lei, mouthian-nu/pa tung a sum kiseng siing val (Rs.10,000 above) pha thei hi. Tulai a biehinn sunga dan a jinei ding khat in atawm thei tawp a sum zat doh ahileh Rs. 60-70,000 (sing guh-sing sagi) teitei ahi. Igam ah kum khat a income siing-nga tunglou tampi um banah, below poverty line (BPL) a khosa mi adim in ki um nalai hi. Tuabangte a ding in dan a jinei/pasalnei khu manglam toh kibang ahi mai hi. Tulai khangtha jinei sawmte (migentheite) adin tabang sil tevel huphul tham ching mama hita hi. Ahinkhuo khatvei hoitah a moulawmsa mikhat in, midangte (khanglaite) dan a jinei dia hanthawn ngam nawn lou hi. Pastor hiding a theology zil khat in dansienga ji anei(alop) zaw in, anau pasalte khu ji guhthaw ding in hanthawn mai hi. Tuakhu tulai dansieng a jinei hamsatdan etsahna tawpkhaw khat ahi. Abangteng hileh, ei leh ei puogih kiguon ihizaw bou hi.
Tulai Mouhahna(Tunsathana)
Mouhah dan ahileh ahun dungjui in chini in khen thei hi: kiguh a kitenna leh dansieng a kitenna hun tegel a mouhahna/tunsa kibawl hi. Mi kiguh a ahing kiten zou chieng un tunsa kibawl pai khollou in, kisahkhol zoudan zil in kihahna/tunsa kibawl pan hi. Tuakhu jangkhai deu bang hi. Tunsa bawl bai leh bawlha khu eima thuthu leh kimandan zil ahi. Ahun fixed teitei ding chi dan umse lou hi. Hinanleh, dan siengthou a kiten chieng in, mouhahna khu kitenni masang in kibawl jel a, tuani mama in tunsa kithat in man leh muol zong kikhum hi. Tam khu tulai a ipeidan tangpi uh ahita hi. Mikhenkhat, adieh a khopi a tengten, nikhat thu in kitenna leh tunsa bawl zou uhi. Tuajieh in moulopni chieng in anumei leh pasal lamte pum buoi den uhi. Moulop saang in zong mouhah/tunsa khu silhamsa zaw ahi. Mouhahna di’n amasapen in gan (animal) sisan aluong ngai hi. Eiham in ‘sahou’ akichia, hou thum (3) poimaw hi. Bawng pum khat leh voh khat tei ngai china hi. Tulai vanman akhan toh kituoh in ganta man zong sang mama tahi. Bawng pum khat in dangka Rs. 25000 val a, vohkhat in Rs. 10,000 val man hi. Vanken gennailou in siing-thum val bei manta hi. Asum hamsat genlou in zong, tulai in ganta mama zong mu hamsa tahi.
Mouman ahileh nidanglai in ganta in ana kai ua, sielpi/lawipi chite ana kipe vadup uhi. Hinanleh, ganta ahamsat tah man in miteng in ganta (gankeng-ding) pethei nawnlou in asum(monetary) in kipe ta hi. Alamdang khat khu, mouman ganta pieh taang in sum kipie a, tuakhu ganta hasat jieh kichi hi. Tuakhun pasal lamte nasatah in dawnjang hi. Hinanleh, tuabang in numeilamte zalenna (relaxation) kibawl lou jel hi: numeilam ah mouhahna ding in ganta (sahou) aloutheilou in kikoi hi. Tuakhu bawlkhielna chi khat ahi. Sahou puohlou theilou ahitah lehzong, ganta muhasa leh mantam ahina toh, asum in pawsah lei bang achi diei? Ahisihleh, ganta that selou in saseh leithaw mai zong asietna um tuanlou ding in gintat um hi. Mouman sum a pieh in pasalte puohgih adawnjangkhai bang in satha leh sahoupuoh zong sum a bawl lei numeite puohgih dawn jang zawlou ding amah?
Tualeh, pasal in aji dansienga anei ut jieh a numei lamte puohgih aguon teitei khajel a, tuakhu sil poimaw lou khat ahi. ‘Dan jawna’ leh Pasian deina a kinunna kibawlpen ahoi a, hinanleh, neilou hasa sasa a kilopni/kitenni masang a tunsa tha ibawl teitei ukhu puohgih kiguontuo ihi man un, tamzawten dan a kitending mulit uhi. Pasal lamte sum-le-pai seng saanga double/triple phiel a tamzaw numeiten aseng ngai ahi man in, kilopni chieng/masang tehteh a mousathana bawl ngai sese lou hi. Nungahnu a inn nusie ding ahitah jieh in, ahahna (send-off) progam hattuomten ahisih leh innkoten abawl pen silhoi ahi. Tuakhu singpi leh nehthei toh izaw dan zil a bawl thei lel ahi. Langkhat ah kiguh-kitenna ah tunsa kithat masalou leh man kikhum pailou ahiman in, mitampi’n jangkhai sa zaw uhi.
Kitenna bang chi leh bailam sah ding?
Amasa pen in kitenna kichi umjie (meaning) ngaituo kia vai. Bible ah, numei leh pasal sapumkhat suohna (one flesh, Gen.2:24) ahi ban ah thuhun siengthou (sacred covenant) siemna zong ahi. Pasian leh Amite kijopna thuhun (Pasian itna thuhun) tanpha etsahna ahi kichi hi (Deut 7:7-9 NIV). Tualeh sapumkhat khu hagau sapumkhat hina ban ah, tahsa dan a et in, insung khat, phungkhat leh namkhat suoh ihina gen hi. Khotang hinkhua suimi(sociologist) ten ‘mihing hindan kepbitna leh ha-le-suon neina/banjopna ding a kitenna poimaw ahi’, chi uhi . Bible in “kitenna miteng teng lah a zataat in um hen” (Heb. 13:4) chi hi. Tami zataatna leh asiengthouna khu man a leithei hilou hi. Tahsa leh lungsim sienthouna khu Bible in patawi ding leh zataat ding achi hizaw a, sildang dang leh nei-le-lam(materialism) genna ana hilou hi. Ki-itna leh kituohna khu mou-vanken leh kenloute, kilop thupi leh thupi loute a tee (weight) thei ding guol hilou hi. Tuate a kite ding hileh mihing in huntawh chi hun kinei ngailou ding hi. Ginglou Hindu kulmutten tabanga ana et jieh un niteng phiel in numei/mou kithana, kihaltumna chite beilou hi. Numei nausen ang pien chieng in anu-le-pa lungsim gimna in dim ngal ua, numeite khu gou (asset) dana enlou in puohgih (liability) in en uhi. Tuate jieh in numei pienkhiet masang leh pienkhiet zou chieng kithana (female infanticide) uang hi. Tam atung a igenteng khu tulai a eite lah a zong natna chi khat ahilam ithei uh poimaw tahi. Adamdawi hoipen ding hisih nanleh ngaidan khenpi-ni pansan in gen vai:
(a) Ibawl zongsah poimawloute paikhe va ui (Eliminating the unnecessaries)
Kitenna ah tawndan bawltawm tampi tulai in kinei hi. Tuaten dansienga ikitenna uh bangma asiengthouna (holiness) leh amanphatna belap tuomlou hi. Pasian kipahna gentahlou, mihingte nasan zong sawt hing kipahsah zou tuamlou hi. Tuate khu kitenna dia ‘aloutheilou’ dan a ina ngaisut uh silpoimaw lou tampite ahi. Khatna ah: kitenna ding in mou-thian leh anungjuite poimaw lou hi. Akiteng ding in (kolten kum-se-kum achi dandeu un) numei leh pasal, anu leh pate tuoh leh agawm ding pastorpa(minister) apoimaw pen ahi. A theipitu anu leh pa um a, pastorpa zong um nalai hi. Amauteng in suoi akai thei mai uhi. Sietna khatna atun chieng in mou-thian leh nuajuiten ten mopuohna bangma nei tuonlou ua, anu leh pate ma hiveve hi. Tulai in koima (numei adieh in)dan a jineina a mipi mai a tou ding jum(shy) um nawnlou hi (akithalop uh tabang lai ah). Nina ah: kiteng ding hivang a, Bieh inn a smart theitop a zeppah lit-let ngailou hi. Banner khu a um ham leh a hun hi; adangteng ahi bangbanga umsah maimai ding ahi. Ajieh ahileh, ajem zou mi hing um di’a, azoulou zong hing um tham ding ahi. Decoration thupi loupen a bawlna ah atawmpen in Rs. 3000-4000 lam bei thouthou hi. Kilom sih ichi leh, Church/pawlpi ten bawlpi (sponsor) ding ahi. Hinanleh church teng in zong fund neituon lou ding ua, tuajieh in bawl lou mai khu damna ahi. Neilou sasa a sound system hoipen, track leh music chite ngaituo lou ding ahi. Church in anei ahileh zah thei giep ahi. Tualeh sana-zungbu sese kipieh lou ding ahi, iki deisah leh awl a kilei sah thei kia tham hi. Thumna ah: kiguh hiel saang in kiteng ding numei leh pasal in kithutuoh in hattuom phalna lai lakawm in pastorpa toh bieh inn ah, ahisihleh, munkhat pou ah Pasian mai a kikhutsui thei mai hi. Tamna ibawlzou leh moupuon zong silthei hivan, izaw sihleh puondum teng a, inei bangbanga bawlthei lel ahi. Nu-le-pa ten alemsah pouleh, tabang bawl di’a hattuom in zong aphal ahoi hi. Hinanleh, koima theilou a kiguhtai a pastor vazot pen sildih hilou jel hi. Kitenna khu damsung a kipiehkhietna (commitment) ahiman in nu-le-pa te deisahna toh bawl silhoi ahi. Deisah a iumlou leh, deisahna itang nading a panlah masat leh thuzaw masat sawm ding hizaw a, kinaw tai pielpuol lou ahoi hi.
Mouhahni chieng a deihuoilou sil tampi kibawl tahi. Bangchia pata nakijui adiei, numei leh pasal inkote puon kipieh tuohna ki uang bawl mama hi. Anu leh pa tegel kibawl ham leh athupi pen hithei mai na piin, tulai in anite, papite, nuneute, pienpi sanggamte, pi-pute leh akizop kha avom-akang teng kipieh sawm talawm hi. Puondum/puonlaisan ichite tampi man ahi vang in azingni chieng in ang kipiehlam kimanghil paithei ngal hi. Tamten ki-itna supung tuam din zong gintat um tuomlou hi. Khenkhat van kipiehdan lungkimlou in, “ang puonpieh uh quality hoisih” chia phun bang kathei um tham hi. Aphunte leh apete amawdan uh kibang chet. Tambang a van kipiehtuona bawl sese dalei aham-aphun um lou ding a, kidam lel ding hi. Asum ahisap in tuabang vanlei na in Rs. 5000-6000 lam bei thei hi. Private teacher khat adia a hakhat law saanga tamzaw ahita hi. Tualeh moupuina/tunsa thana ah ‘miteng’ phiel va chiel ngai lou hi. Insung tegel a mipoimaw indongta alouthelou teng leh tanute tamlou aum leh hun mai hi. Tuabanah, moupui dia kuonte zong asi-sen leh khozang pumpi kitawl vaduup ngailou hi. Mi’n bang chibang neh leh dawn ding ana bawl diei chi ngaituo masa lou a azakha teng vapei a, va neeh ding hikhollou hi. Mou-saa kithana, adieh a town sung ah, siltung tamzaw ahileh, kihahna program a mi tam sih nanleh, neeh ding hun ah mi adiim in hing um a, mounu leh moupa nasan in zong ann tangla dehtah phiel bang umthei hi. Athawn a sa-siim (Sa-free syndrome) chite tawpsan hun ahi ta a, tulai khantouna toh kituoh nawnlou hi. Khanglaite ahuaise pen in kipang a, silzumhuoi tawp ahi chi thei vai. Theidia poimaw khat ahileh moulopna leh mouhaahna kibang lou hi. Moulopna annkuong kilui khu anei zouten ngamtah in bawl ua; hinanleh mouhaahna/tunsathana khu nei leh neilou thu hilou in aloutheilou a kibawl ahia, neh leh dawn zong kiningchingzoulou maithei ahi chi manghil lou ahoi hi. Tuabanah silkhat bawl napou a, lawchinna etna ding a mitawm leh mitam izah uh khu tawpsan hun ahi ta hi. Shini-dani ahi ngal lou leh, ahun/program in atup leh ngim teng akitangtun zou nahleh alawching ahimai hi.
Mou vanken enlei, Zou Custom Book (2005) ah tamteng kigiel hi: (1) Phoipi/kantha khat (2) puondum khat (3)tuibel khat (4)seu leh nam (5) tu leh hei (6) singkuong khat. Tamna kigenteng lah ah No. 1-5 khu gending/ soisel ding umseng lou in kathei a, nidanglai a ipi-pute hunlai apat ana kijui, singtang loukuonna dinga van poimawte ahijieh ana hiding in gintat um mai hi. No. 6na in zong nidanglai hun sulang nalai hi. Tulai in singkuong hinonlou in, almirah kibawl tangpi hi. Tam ‘Vanken dingte’ khu I custom bu a official tah a jui di’a kisun teng ahi. Hinanleh tulai in tamteng ban a kibawl, danbu a tuong khaloute, ibuoipi nasa mama uh: sofa set, lupna, Dunlop-mattress, dinning table, washing machines, gari, inmun-loumun, etc. aloutheilou dan in kingai ta hi. Tuate khu silpieh (gift) ahia, vanken (dowry) dan a pei ding hilou zaw hi. Paite custom ah vanken bikhiet khellam a kipete khu ‘vanken’ hinanleh ‘phuonkhietloute’ (undeclared dowries) achi uhi . Hinanleh, tulai ei Zou nam sung a mouhahnate ah tambang itna-silpieh tengteng zong ‘vanken’ in pei sieng hi. Innsung a mi-bepan, van kikengsah teng giel (list) a, mipi mai ah khat-khat in phuong nalai hi. Moupui a vahaw numeite bang in ajaah ut lamtah ana hinalai hi. Tulai a mou hing tun chienga miten ana lamet pen leh ana mu ut pen uh khu, mounu saanga avan hing puohte ana hita zen hi. Tamin vanken lam I uong bawl ta ua, ingai thupi mama ta uh, chi kichien sah hi.
Almirah apat anuoilam teng khu idan bu a um ahitah leh henlamdang ahimasang in jui phot tadi khu asietna um lou hi. Hinanleh tuami tunglam a van official tah a kiguon teng khu kideisahna hinanleh ‘kitaidemna’ deihuoilou (unhealthy competition) leh idan bawsietna khat ahi. Miteng neizoudan kibanglou ahiman in, tamte khu ikipieh ut lezong mipimai a bawl lou a, nidang hundang a dia koi ding ahoi hi. Abawl zou ten kideisahna a ingaituo lai un, mi neizoulou leh bawl zoulou tampite a dinga thasietna, lungkietna leh kingaisietna tun thei ahi chi manghil sih vai. I dan bu uah tami tungtang tabang in kigiel hi:
“Thei ding leh zui ngeingei ding: Moupui ni in tam atungate chilou vandangkenthei ahisih, ahin sung-le-pu, tu-le-taa a kilungsiet uleh moupui ni bangzat nua aheikhat chieng in ITNA SILPIEH niihten-puonsil a inn-le-lou tan a kiethei uhi. Ahi’n tamte Mou Vanken atuot ahisih diing, sietni-khaatni in zong genkhah thei ahisih diing hi, ITNA SILPIEH ahi jieh in (Zou Tawndan in kinua gen ngailou hi)”.
Tuajieh in, vanken di’a kibikhiet teng mounu puohsah a, adangte awl a kipieh pan lei dih pen ding in gintaat um hi. Eilah ah van kihawm dieldiel jel a, hinanleh van tangkhalou a hasie zong ki um hi. Navanpieh in akiteng tegel maban insuangna di’a vanzah poimaw khat a ana nei thei uh khu amanpha ahi. Numeite khu anu leh pate zawngkhalsah dinga hing pieng leh pasal nei ahilou dan uh sulat poimaw hi. Tutan a ipeidan uh et in numeite khu insungmite a ding in puohgih abang nalai uhi. Tami concept iheng lamdang hunta hi. Aneizou nahi man a natanu van chikim naguan khu sehlou hi, hinanleh, na silbawl midang tampite adia, kingaisietna, jauna, kipalpuona (kiguhna) leh pasal nei ngamlouna apan khah ding kiven poimaw hi. Tuakhu society a mi-etton tah (responsible citizen) umdan hilou ahi chi thei vai.Vanken akip-akoi a mipi mai a phuonkhiet zong poimaw seselou hi. Mouhahni leh kigawmni khu ki show-off ni hilou in, damsunga ji-pasal di’a Pasian mai a kikhutsuini ahizaw.
(b) Nam khat-Tondan khat (one community-one law)
Khotang hindan sui (sociologist) ten,“Kitenna khu dan kijuite (legal, social & ethical codes) banzopna leh bawlhoi semna ahi”. Idan ua kitenna tungtang ngaidan kihawl lai in, ngaidan chi-2 kimu a, tuate khu: dan umpen hoitah a jui tou ding chipawl leh idan uh henlamdang ding chite ahi. A poimaw nawnlouteng heng (transform) ding leh a umsa (atamzaw) suhkip a, jui (enforce) ding ahi jaw hi. I society ah kitenna khu jau tah in kibawl a, dan mumal kijui lou hi. Atamzaw ten be-le-phung dan kijui a, imetna ding un UZO dan kijui hi. Etsahnan, mou-man (bride price) lahdan tuom chiet/utdandan kipeipi hi. UZO dan a siel 5 hinapiin, be-le-phung dan in sial 6, sial 7/8 chite in kikai hi. Asial atam vanga asum akaidan kibanglou jel hi. Khen khat in sielkhat Rs. 100/300/500 a akai lai un, akhen ten UZO dan jui chi in Rs. 1000 a kai zong um hi. Kum 1995 in Zou Zumpi in sial khat a dangka Rs. 1000 a kai ding chi’n ana passed uhi.
Igen nuampen ahileh, namkhat chikhat ihi leh, Zou namten zong, i-unau namdangte bang in dankhat juikhawm thei lei dei huoi tahi. Unau Mizo ten man leh muol ah, be-le-phung tampi ahivang un, dan jui khat nei ua, tuabang in unau Paite ten zong dan khat jui uhi. Tuaban ah, man zong atamsah lou dungjui un, satha chite pibawl lou uhi. Sathana chitah ngiel zong umlou phiel bang hi. Hinanleh, damsunga ding in kiteng thei veve uhi. Eiten Dan khat ineithei tahtah sih ua, agam kai leh abe-phung kai in leh inop dandan in man leh muol kipeipi hi. Ipi-pute thupil, “man in koima hau ngailou” chi mun pen lah ihi ngal uhi. ‘Khankhuo’ ingaithupi ua, izawlou dingtantan un khankhuo ijui ua, izawng law vadiang jel uhi. Khankhuo in ahun bikhiet (validity) nei hi. Zou papi khat in “ka mouhahna sum leh pai bei tengteng kigawm leh pucca building sawngnei khat noptah in lamzou tavang” chi hiel hi. Azawng-ahau in ajui thei chiet ding dan kitup leh kibang poimaw hi. Dan kibang kijuina mun ah aneizou-neizoulou chia kikhenna (social divide) tawm ding hi.
Tulai tah a I Zou Custom Bu uh ahile ‘haneilou’ (toothless law) ahi chi kilang hi. Tualeh, dan kemtu Zou Zumpi zong (hi lampang thu ah) amin maimai (rubber stamp) bang in kikoi hi. Be-le-phung peipi dan (clan tradition) khu Nampi dan saang in poimawna leh thaa kipie hi. Tamin inam pumkhatna (social/communal intergrity) saang in be-le-phung ngaisangna (clan chauvinism) lien sah zaw ihidan uh tahlang hi. Phung le tang in munsang aluo zing namun ah nam kipumkhatna tawm a, phung-a kikhenna haat hi. Kitenna tanpha a Zou dan um napia, phung dan ijui-jui chieng un, I kibahlouna neuneu uh kisulang in kitawi sang suoh maimai a, minuo phahna ana hilou zaw hi. Proverb in kipuihuoina neilou nam amang thang ding, chi hi. Tu dinmun in, Zou custom khu, a-ut in jui a, a-utlou ten juilou mawh hi. I bawn a ijui chiet lou ding khat dan bawl zong ngai sese lou hi. Dan juuilou khu dan botsie china himai hi. Dan botsete tung a vaihawmding khu dan bawltu (Zou Zumpi) ahi. Hinanleh Zou Zumpi in bangma vaihawm khumlou hi. Zou Zumpi khu minam kivaipuohna teng bawltu ahi ban ah asemsuahtu (enforcer) zong ahi poimaw hi.
Thukhahna
Kiten dan toh kisai in theisiem ding sil chi-ni um hi. Tuate: Nam danbawl (community law) leh Nam peidan (conventional law) ahi uhi. Tamte gel kibanglou hi. Buoi theina ahileh, dan-bawl (bylaw) hilou in ipeidan (convention) uh ahi zaw hi. Idan uh ijuilou jieh un ipeidan uh zong dih thei tuomlou a, ipeidan uh adih lou jieh in ei-le-ei ikituisa buoh isuoh jel uhi. Akhawhpen khu aneizouten nasa sem a bawl ding, migenphat leh zatatna tang ding chi ahia; ada huoi ahile mineijoute bawldan aneilouten ki-eeng a, ki-enton in kijui ut ve hi. Kitenna khu hun kipah um tah hina pi in, inei leh lam umsun teng kibuoh khietni leh gawkangni suoh thei hi. Hunsawtpi saving inabawlte uh nikhat thu a ding in bei a, saving bawl manloute khu vangse dieh uhi ajiehpen kitenni zou apat leibat toh inn ten kipan ngal uhi. Hindute banglou in, ei tribal society khu khotang dinmun kikimna (social equaltiy) toh jungphu ahi. Khotang kibatlouna suh beiding idei lai un, hibang tondan ‘poimawloute’ jieh in suhaat hikha thei hi. Kitenna ah dan (custom) khat kinei nanleh kijui lou a, dankemtu (Zou Zumpi) zong kitup lou hi. Ajiehpen dan juiloute tung ah vaihawmkhum theina thaa neilou hi. Thuneina asuo poimaw ta a, alemtanglou leh ZYO chite khut ah ngah khiet thei tham ahi. Kitenni leh kihahnia sum leh pai kisengteng nupa khat in innten siemnan zang leh phatuom zaw ding bang hi. Itna silpieh khu ahoi talua hi. Hinaleh silpieh teng khu mouvanken hitheilou hi, ajiehpen idanbu uah umlou hi.Tuabanah tuaten anei leh neilou insung kilang sah hi. Silpoimawlou teng paikhiet hun ahia, ahoite banzoptou jel idamna hing hizaw ding hi. Tabanga dan kijuilou leh kitendan mantam seng jieh in mivantang in dansiengthou a kitenna bawl zou in abailam pen ‘zansiengthou’ a kitaina ki uang bawl hi. Langkhat ah hattuom makai leh belamputen kiguh-kitai khu dandihlou ahi chia atangkoukou vang un, a damdawi ding genthei tuamlou hileh kilawm uhi. Dan mumal kijuilouna khu khotang zalen (free society) hilou in khotang peikhiel (distorted society) ana hizaw hi. Minam khat sunga dettaha umte a di’a anam khu ahina (identity) ahi banah akankhawmtu (unifying factor) zong ahi kuul hi.
Dan a kitenna ah numei leh pasalte ding in kisah khol masah ding sil tampi ki umsah hi. Kidawp-kiheel chite genlou in “aloutheilou” dan a ingaituo uh sil tam mama ahi chieng in akhenten kitenni atun masang in ana chimtah man uhi. Dan a kineina ah, sil chi-ni kijui: hattuom dan leh iphung/inam-dan(traditional custom). Kitenna/kigawmna ah hattuom dan kijui a, moupuina leh mouhahna ah eima dan kijui hi. Kiguh-kitenna abailamna khat khu koima sep le bawl sum lepai a subuoi lou hi. Asiet tawp leh, pasal lam chauh buoi hi. Hinanleh, dansienga kitenna ah a numei leh pasal lam tegel nasatah in subuoi hi. Numei lamte akihahna ding ah buoi pan ngal ua, pasalte kigawmna/moulopna ding ah buoi ngal uhi. Tam tegel ah sum asing-alakh tel a sim poimaw masa ngal hi. Nei leh neilou thu in pawlou in kitenna ding leh kihahna ding in nasa tah a kisah khol masah ngai hi.
Tulai i society a tamveipi kimuthei khat khu, pasal khenkhat muntuom ah nasem in va um ua, a ji nei ut chieng un innlam ah hing pei ua, ji ding gam leh lei hawl kipan uhi. Ahing muchieng un kiten ding vai asawm phing ua, numeite insung aman leh manlou chi ngaituo sese lou in, amapa hun kibichil jieh in, kiten ding vai hawm ngal hi. Tuabang dinmun ah numeite aneizou ahi uleh, akhaw sih a, hinanleh, nei khollou hasa sasa a kipat sawm, sah leh hang a uleh naute panpina sui vevaw diang lele kitam hi. Miteng dinmun kibanglou ahia, akhente hunsawt kingah thei um a, ki-ngah thei nonlou a kiteng kin poimaw leh kul zong um tham ding hi. Hinanleh theiding khat khu, pasalte jinei ding a kiging bemset a hing kuon ahi bang un, numeite pasal neidi’a kigingsa ana hise se lou uhi. Khenkhat ten ahileh mou vadawp ua, anumei lam in a ‘yes’ ngeingei leh hapta khat/ ni vel kisah kholna ding in hun pia ua, ani-ahun fixed ngal mai uhi. Tua khu ase pawngsan hilou in; igensa bang in, mihausa kitengte a ding in buoi huoi lou hi. Hinanleh, I society a tamzawte ji/pasal nei ding jieh in neisa-lamsa leh pugou-pagou neisun zuohkhie a kipan chen-chen kitam a, puonat huoi hi. Kiten zou chieng in aguu kithuo hi. Jinei nichienga thupi deu a mite mai ah kilah ding, mite genphatna zong tan ding, mite ngaisangna zong tang maithei, hinanleh kiten zou chienga leibat toh inten pat ding ahijel hi. Kitenna di’a kipanpitua khu ahoi hi, nanleh maban a leibat kiguon kihi veve hi.
Kitendan khu hattuom chin ah kikhietna themkhat khat um nanleh, apeidan tangpi kibang phiel hi. Kicheidan atangpi in numeiten gown (puontuol) sil a pasalten coat sil hi. Moupuon ngou (gown) in tahsa-lungsim ‘sienthouna’ (piety/virginity) ensah hi, chipawl um hi. Kigawmdan (step) ahileh pastorten adei bang chiet un bawl jel uhi. Hattuom khat hinanleh, pastor teng bawldan kibang kim lou hi. Atamzaw ten nidang apat ana kijuiden mou-thian (best man/woman) kinei hi. Hinanleh, tulai in mi khenkhat in thian neilou in bawl ta uhi. Atangpia thian neiloute dohna ibawl leh, adawnna uh khu: ‘thian umlou khu sum liaulou in ki ‘saved’ zaw hi’, chi ahi. Mou-thian ahileh ngentel tah a gen in, theipitu (witness) dinga kizang ahi. Mikhen khat in moute enkol ding leh kithuopi ding, akicheidan ana entup zing ding a kikoi ahi, chi ua, poimaw kasa khol sih hi. Moute, adieh in mounu, inmun apat azep ding bang a kijem jou a mipi mai a hing ding/tou khu bangma etkaai kia ngai nawnlou hi. Tualeh, witness tungtang ah, Pasian dansiengthou a kitenna khu asiengthou thei banga et leh bawl poimaw ahina ah, witnessnu/pa khu mibang chibang e, khotang leh hattuom sunga di’a bualou (asiang) leh etton taah ahinai; ‘asiengthou kitenna’ichi hiel tah uleh, a witness apang hiel ding in amanu/pa aching na’i? chite ngaisut tham ching veve hi. Ahi, koimata Pasian mai a siengthou zou ki umlou ma ding hi. Igen utpen tualam maimai hilou in, mouthian nei a kitenna hei a pat ina lahkhiet uh e? Tualeh tukhang a ding in apoimaw nai? chite ahi jaw hi.
Kum 200 A.D lai vel in German gam a Goth kichi namte apat ana kithei hi. Amaun bestman khu mounu leh moupa vengtu (bodyguard) in ana zang uhi. Tuahun lai in kitennakhu nu le pa deisahna toh ana kibawl khollou hi. Pasalten aji ding uh vadap guuh jel ua, tuana aguuhpi ding in alawi mi bangjat ekhat toh kuon jel uhi. Tuana alawite khu kitenna mun a bridegroom-men (moupa nuajuite) in pang ua, tuateng alah a alawi kinaipi penpen khu moupan a Bestman (Thianpa) ding in tel hi. Mounu innkoten moupa adia adeisah sih uleh, kitenni chieng in thagum toh hing nuakai doh kia khaah ding kivenna in Thianpa (ei ham a Lawipa) khu kiten hunsung teng in mounu leh moupa kung ah um zing hi. Kitenzou azingnitanpha ah zong moupate innmai ah sentry (vengtu) in ding den nalai a, hiam leh thal (weapons) kiningching tah in dapkoi hi. Greece gam a Eastern Orthodox Chruch ten bestman khu kitenni a sum leh pai beiteng tuohtu (sponsor) in zang uhi. Greek ham ah Koumbaros (bestman) leh Koumbara(bestwoman) kichia, tuakhu Religious Sponsor china ahi. Atangpi in tulai a tumlam gam ah (Christiante) bestman kizahna te khu: (1) Bachelor party a makaitu ahi. Kitenni masang zan chieng in moupa tangval tawpna haahna program bawltu leh makaitu in pang hi. (2) Rehearsal kibawlna ah lamkai hi. (3) Silbangkim phiel a Moupa panpitu ding (4) Kitenmasang a moupa dresste entup ding (5) Kitenna mun a moupa jungbu tawi ding (6) Marriage certificate/license a suoikai ding (witness ding) (7) Innmun a vaidawnna program a mouthiannu toh laam (dance) ding (8) Tuana lawi leh pai hing tel theiloute telegram/letter/message simkhe ding leh (9) Silpiehte (gifts) entup ding, chite ahi. Tuabang phiel in best-woman zong mounu lam ading in kizang hi.
Hoitah in ngaisut lei, point 1-9 tan tulai ei society adin apoimaw umlou phiel hi. Greekte bang in sum le pai beiteng bestman/woman in atuoh sih a, akicheina dingteng uh moupan alei zaw hi. Gift teng enkai ding usherte ahilou leh tanute um ta hi. Moupa dress koima va et tup ngai lou hi. Bachelor party zong kibawl vateh lou in, reception a dance zong kibawl lou hi. Mounu miten hing kaimangsah va chia jau ding lah bangma umlou. Tuabanah, Goth namte dan a ji vaguh zou a dansieng a kitenna kibawl lou hi (Eilah ah mikhenkhat kiguh zou a biehinn a kigawm pai um thou nanleh). Igen noppen khu, kitenna ah ‘thian’ leh ‘mounuajui’ ichite khu tulai khang a di’n thuvaal (unnecessary) maimai hita chithei hi. Sum leh pai seng sah maimai ahi bou hi. Kitenna tamzaw ah athiante kivonna sil leh ten teng pasalten leisah ngai ahiban ah, akhawh diah ahileh, tulai in mounute kihahni chieng a kicheina ding tanpha pasalten leisah ngai tazen hi! Pasalten aleisah lou lezong numeilam ten abuoipi ngai thouthou hi. Hoitah in ngaituo lei, mouthian-nu/pa tung a sum kiseng siing val (Rs.10,000 above) pha thei hi. Tulai a biehinn sunga dan a jinei ding khat in atawm thei tawp a sum zat doh ahileh Rs. 60-70,000 (sing guh-sing sagi) teitei ahi. Igam ah kum khat a income siing-nga tunglou tampi um banah, below poverty line (BPL) a khosa mi adim in ki um nalai hi. Tuabangte a ding in dan a jinei/pasalnei khu manglam toh kibang ahi mai hi. Tulai khangtha jinei sawmte (migentheite) adin tabang sil tevel huphul tham ching mama hita hi. Ahinkhuo khatvei hoitah a moulawmsa mikhat in, midangte (khanglaite) dan a jinei dia hanthawn ngam nawn lou hi. Pastor hiding a theology zil khat in dansienga ji anei(alop) zaw in, anau pasalte khu ji guhthaw ding in hanthawn mai hi. Tuakhu tulai dansieng a jinei hamsatdan etsahna tawpkhaw khat ahi. Abangteng hileh, ei leh ei puogih kiguon ihizaw bou hi.
Tulai Mouhahna(Tunsathana)
Mouhah dan ahileh ahun dungjui in chini in khen thei hi: kiguh a kitenna leh dansieng a kitenna hun tegel a mouhahna/tunsa kibawl hi. Mi kiguh a ahing kiten zou chieng un tunsa kibawl pai khollou in, kisahkhol zoudan zil in kihahna/tunsa kibawl pan hi. Tuakhu jangkhai deu bang hi. Tunsa bawl bai leh bawlha khu eima thuthu leh kimandan zil ahi. Ahun fixed teitei ding chi dan umse lou hi. Hinanleh, dan siengthou a kiten chieng in, mouhahna khu kitenni masang in kibawl jel a, tuani mama in tunsa kithat in man leh muol zong kikhum hi. Tam khu tulai a ipeidan tangpi uh ahita hi. Mikhenkhat, adieh a khopi a tengten, nikhat thu in kitenna leh tunsa bawl zou uhi. Tuajieh in moulopni chieng in anumei leh pasal lamte pum buoi den uhi. Moulop saang in zong mouhah/tunsa khu silhamsa zaw ahi. Mouhahna di’n amasapen in gan (animal) sisan aluong ngai hi. Eiham in ‘sahou’ akichia, hou thum (3) poimaw hi. Bawng pum khat leh voh khat tei ngai china hi. Tulai vanman akhan toh kituoh in ganta man zong sang mama tahi. Bawng pum khat in dangka Rs. 25000 val a, vohkhat in Rs. 10,000 val man hi. Vanken gennailou in siing-thum val bei manta hi. Asum hamsat genlou in zong, tulai in ganta mama zong mu hamsa tahi.
Mouman ahileh nidanglai in ganta in ana kai ua, sielpi/lawipi chite ana kipe vadup uhi. Hinanleh, ganta ahamsat tah man in miteng in ganta (gankeng-ding) pethei nawnlou in asum(monetary) in kipe ta hi. Alamdang khat khu, mouman ganta pieh taang in sum kipie a, tuakhu ganta hasat jieh kichi hi. Tuakhun pasal lamte nasatah in dawnjang hi. Hinanleh, tuabang in numeilamte zalenna (relaxation) kibawl lou jel hi: numeilam ah mouhahna ding in ganta (sahou) aloutheilou in kikoi hi. Tuakhu bawlkhielna chi khat ahi. Sahou puohlou theilou ahitah lehzong, ganta muhasa leh mantam ahina toh, asum in pawsah lei bang achi diei? Ahisihleh, ganta that selou in saseh leithaw mai zong asietna um tuanlou ding in gintat um hi. Mouman sum a pieh in pasalte puohgih adawnjangkhai bang in satha leh sahoupuoh zong sum a bawl lei numeite puohgih dawn jang zawlou ding amah?
Tualeh, pasal in aji dansienga anei ut jieh a numei lamte puohgih aguon teitei khajel a, tuakhu sil poimaw lou khat ahi. ‘Dan jawna’ leh Pasian deina a kinunna kibawlpen ahoi a, hinanleh, neilou hasa sasa a kilopni/kitenni masang a tunsa tha ibawl teitei ukhu puohgih kiguontuo ihi man un, tamzawten dan a kitending mulit uhi. Pasal lamte sum-le-pai seng saanga double/triple phiel a tamzaw numeiten aseng ngai ahi man in, kilopni chieng/masang tehteh a mousathana bawl ngai sese lou hi. Nungahnu a inn nusie ding ahitah jieh in, ahahna (send-off) progam hattuomten ahisih leh innkoten abawl pen silhoi ahi. Tuakhu singpi leh nehthei toh izaw dan zil a bawl thei lel ahi. Langkhat ah kiguh-kitenna ah tunsa kithat masalou leh man kikhum pailou ahiman in, mitampi’n jangkhai sa zaw uhi.
Kitenna bang chi leh bailam sah ding?
Amasa pen in kitenna kichi umjie (meaning) ngaituo kia vai. Bible ah, numei leh pasal sapumkhat suohna (one flesh, Gen.2:24) ahi ban ah thuhun siengthou (sacred covenant) siemna zong ahi. Pasian leh Amite kijopna thuhun (Pasian itna thuhun) tanpha etsahna ahi kichi hi (Deut 7:7-9 NIV). Tualeh sapumkhat khu hagau sapumkhat hina ban ah, tahsa dan a et in, insung khat, phungkhat leh namkhat suoh ihina gen hi. Khotang hinkhua suimi(sociologist) ten ‘mihing hindan kepbitna leh ha-le-suon neina/banjopna ding a kitenna poimaw ahi’, chi uhi . Bible in “kitenna miteng teng lah a zataat in um hen” (Heb. 13:4) chi hi. Tami zataatna leh asiengthouna khu man a leithei hilou hi. Tahsa leh lungsim sienthouna khu Bible in patawi ding leh zataat ding achi hizaw a, sildang dang leh nei-le-lam(materialism) genna ana hilou hi. Ki-itna leh kituohna khu mou-vanken leh kenloute, kilop thupi leh thupi loute a tee (weight) thei ding guol hilou hi. Tuate a kite ding hileh mihing in huntawh chi hun kinei ngailou ding hi. Ginglou Hindu kulmutten tabanga ana et jieh un niteng phiel in numei/mou kithana, kihaltumna chite beilou hi. Numei nausen ang pien chieng in anu-le-pa lungsim gimna in dim ngal ua, numeite khu gou (asset) dana enlou in puohgih (liability) in en uhi. Tuate jieh in numei pienkhiet masang leh pienkhiet zou chieng kithana (female infanticide) uang hi. Tam atung a igenteng khu tulai a eite lah a zong natna chi khat ahilam ithei uh poimaw tahi. Adamdawi hoipen ding hisih nanleh ngaidan khenpi-ni pansan in gen vai:
(a) Ibawl zongsah poimawloute paikhe va ui (Eliminating the unnecessaries)
Kitenna ah tawndan bawltawm tampi tulai in kinei hi. Tuaten dansienga ikitenna uh bangma asiengthouna (holiness) leh amanphatna belap tuomlou hi. Pasian kipahna gentahlou, mihingte nasan zong sawt hing kipahsah zou tuamlou hi. Tuate khu kitenna dia ‘aloutheilou’ dan a ina ngaisut uh silpoimaw lou tampite ahi. Khatna ah: kitenna ding in mou-thian leh anungjuite poimaw lou hi. Akiteng ding in (kolten kum-se-kum achi dandeu un) numei leh pasal, anu leh pate tuoh leh agawm ding pastorpa(minister) apoimaw pen ahi. A theipitu anu leh pa um a, pastorpa zong um nalai hi. Amauteng in suoi akai thei mai uhi. Sietna khatna atun chieng in mou-thian leh nuajuiten ten mopuohna bangma nei tuonlou ua, anu leh pate ma hiveve hi. Tulai in koima (numei adieh in)dan a jineina a mipi mai a tou ding jum(shy) um nawnlou hi (akithalop uh tabang lai ah). Nina ah: kiteng ding hivang a, Bieh inn a smart theitop a zeppah lit-let ngailou hi. Banner khu a um ham leh a hun hi; adangteng ahi bangbanga umsah maimai ding ahi. Ajieh ahileh, ajem zou mi hing um di’a, azoulou zong hing um tham ding ahi. Decoration thupi loupen a bawlna ah atawmpen in Rs. 3000-4000 lam bei thouthou hi. Kilom sih ichi leh, Church/pawlpi ten bawlpi (sponsor) ding ahi. Hinanleh church teng in zong fund neituon lou ding ua, tuajieh in bawl lou mai khu damna ahi. Neilou sasa a sound system hoipen, track leh music chite ngaituo lou ding ahi. Church in anei ahileh zah thei giep ahi. Tualeh sana-zungbu sese kipieh lou ding ahi, iki deisah leh awl a kilei sah thei kia tham hi. Thumna ah: kiguh hiel saang in kiteng ding numei leh pasal in kithutuoh in hattuom phalna lai lakawm in pastorpa toh bieh inn ah, ahisihleh, munkhat pou ah Pasian mai a kikhutsui thei mai hi. Tamna ibawlzou leh moupuon zong silthei hivan, izaw sihleh puondum teng a, inei bangbanga bawlthei lel ahi. Nu-le-pa ten alemsah pouleh, tabang bawl di’a hattuom in zong aphal ahoi hi. Hinanleh, koima theilou a kiguhtai a pastor vazot pen sildih hilou jel hi. Kitenna khu damsung a kipiehkhietna (commitment) ahiman in nu-le-pa te deisahna toh bawl silhoi ahi. Deisah a iumlou leh, deisahna itang nading a panlah masat leh thuzaw masat sawm ding hizaw a, kinaw tai pielpuol lou ahoi hi.
Mouhahni chieng a deihuoilou sil tampi kibawl tahi. Bangchia pata nakijui adiei, numei leh pasal inkote puon kipieh tuohna ki uang bawl mama hi. Anu leh pa tegel kibawl ham leh athupi pen hithei mai na piin, tulai in anite, papite, nuneute, pienpi sanggamte, pi-pute leh akizop kha avom-akang teng kipieh sawm talawm hi. Puondum/puonlaisan ichite tampi man ahi vang in azingni chieng in ang kipiehlam kimanghil paithei ngal hi. Tamten ki-itna supung tuam din zong gintat um tuomlou hi. Khenkhat van kipiehdan lungkimlou in, “ang puonpieh uh quality hoisih” chia phun bang kathei um tham hi. Aphunte leh apete amawdan uh kibang chet. Tambang a van kipiehtuona bawl sese dalei aham-aphun um lou ding a, kidam lel ding hi. Asum ahisap in tuabang vanlei na in Rs. 5000-6000 lam bei thei hi. Private teacher khat adia a hakhat law saanga tamzaw ahita hi. Tualeh moupuina/tunsa thana ah ‘miteng’ phiel va chiel ngai lou hi. Insung tegel a mipoimaw indongta alouthelou teng leh tanute tamlou aum leh hun mai hi. Tuabanah, moupui dia kuonte zong asi-sen leh khozang pumpi kitawl vaduup ngailou hi. Mi’n bang chibang neh leh dawn ding ana bawl diei chi ngaituo masa lou a azakha teng vapei a, va neeh ding hikhollou hi. Mou-saa kithana, adieh a town sung ah, siltung tamzaw ahileh, kihahna program a mi tam sih nanleh, neeh ding hun ah mi adiim in hing um a, mounu leh moupa nasan in zong ann tangla dehtah phiel bang umthei hi. Athawn a sa-siim (Sa-free syndrome) chite tawpsan hun ahi ta a, tulai khantouna toh kituoh nawnlou hi. Khanglaite ahuaise pen in kipang a, silzumhuoi tawp ahi chi thei vai. Theidia poimaw khat ahileh moulopna leh mouhaahna kibang lou hi. Moulopna annkuong kilui khu anei zouten ngamtah in bawl ua; hinanleh mouhaahna/tunsathana khu nei leh neilou thu hilou in aloutheilou a kibawl ahia, neh leh dawn zong kiningchingzoulou maithei ahi chi manghil lou ahoi hi. Tuabanah silkhat bawl napou a, lawchinna etna ding a mitawm leh mitam izah uh khu tawpsan hun ahi ta hi. Shini-dani ahi ngal lou leh, ahun/program in atup leh ngim teng akitangtun zou nahleh alawching ahimai hi.
Mou vanken enlei, Zou Custom Book (2005) ah tamteng kigiel hi: (1) Phoipi/kantha khat (2) puondum khat (3)tuibel khat (4)seu leh nam (5) tu leh hei (6) singkuong khat. Tamna kigenteng lah ah No. 1-5 khu gending/ soisel ding umseng lou in kathei a, nidanglai a ipi-pute hunlai apat ana kijui, singtang loukuonna dinga van poimawte ahijieh ana hiding in gintat um mai hi. No. 6na in zong nidanglai hun sulang nalai hi. Tulai in singkuong hinonlou in, almirah kibawl tangpi hi. Tam ‘Vanken dingte’ khu I custom bu a official tah a jui di’a kisun teng ahi. Hinanleh tulai in tamteng ban a kibawl, danbu a tuong khaloute, ibuoipi nasa mama uh: sofa set, lupna, Dunlop-mattress, dinning table, washing machines, gari, inmun-loumun, etc. aloutheilou dan in kingai ta hi. Tuate khu silpieh (gift) ahia, vanken (dowry) dan a pei ding hilou zaw hi. Paite custom ah vanken bikhiet khellam a kipete khu ‘vanken’ hinanleh ‘phuonkhietloute’ (undeclared dowries) achi uhi . Hinanleh, tulai ei Zou nam sung a mouhahnate ah tambang itna-silpieh tengteng zong ‘vanken’ in pei sieng hi. Innsung a mi-bepan, van kikengsah teng giel (list) a, mipi mai ah khat-khat in phuong nalai hi. Moupui a vahaw numeite bang in ajaah ut lamtah ana hinalai hi. Tulai a mou hing tun chienga miten ana lamet pen leh ana mu ut pen uh khu, mounu saanga avan hing puohte ana hita zen hi. Tamin vanken lam I uong bawl ta ua, ingai thupi mama ta uh, chi kichien sah hi.
Almirah apat anuoilam teng khu idan bu a um ahitah leh henlamdang ahimasang in jui phot tadi khu asietna um lou hi. Hinanleh tuami tunglam a van official tah a kiguon teng khu kideisahna hinanleh ‘kitaidemna’ deihuoilou (unhealthy competition) leh idan bawsietna khat ahi. Miteng neizoudan kibanglou ahiman in, tamte khu ikipieh ut lezong mipimai a bawl lou a, nidang hundang a dia koi ding ahoi hi. Abawl zou ten kideisahna a ingaituo lai un, mi neizoulou leh bawl zoulou tampite a dinga thasietna, lungkietna leh kingaisietna tun thei ahi chi manghil sih vai. I dan bu uah tami tungtang tabang in kigiel hi:
“Thei ding leh zui ngeingei ding: Moupui ni in tam atungate chilou vandangkenthei ahisih, ahin sung-le-pu, tu-le-taa a kilungsiet uleh moupui ni bangzat nua aheikhat chieng in ITNA SILPIEH niihten-puonsil a inn-le-lou tan a kiethei uhi. Ahi’n tamte Mou Vanken atuot ahisih diing, sietni-khaatni in zong genkhah thei ahisih diing hi, ITNA SILPIEH ahi jieh in (Zou Tawndan in kinua gen ngailou hi)”.
Tuajieh in, vanken di’a kibikhiet teng mounu puohsah a, adangte awl a kipieh pan lei dih pen ding in gintaat um hi. Eilah ah van kihawm dieldiel jel a, hinanleh van tangkhalou a hasie zong ki um hi. Navanpieh in akiteng tegel maban insuangna di’a vanzah poimaw khat a ana nei thei uh khu amanpha ahi. Numeite khu anu leh pate zawngkhalsah dinga hing pieng leh pasal nei ahilou dan uh sulat poimaw hi. Tutan a ipeidan uh et in numeite khu insungmite a ding in puohgih abang nalai uhi. Tami concept iheng lamdang hunta hi. Aneizou nahi man a natanu van chikim naguan khu sehlou hi, hinanleh, na silbawl midang tampite adia, kingaisietna, jauna, kipalpuona (kiguhna) leh pasal nei ngamlouna apan khah ding kiven poimaw hi. Tuakhu society a mi-etton tah (responsible citizen) umdan hilou ahi chi thei vai.Vanken akip-akoi a mipi mai a phuonkhiet zong poimaw seselou hi. Mouhahni leh kigawmni khu ki show-off ni hilou in, damsunga ji-pasal di’a Pasian mai a kikhutsuini ahizaw.
(b) Nam khat-Tondan khat (one community-one law)
Khotang hindan sui (sociologist) ten,“Kitenna khu dan kijuite (legal, social & ethical codes) banzopna leh bawlhoi semna ahi”. Idan ua kitenna tungtang ngaidan kihawl lai in, ngaidan chi-2 kimu a, tuate khu: dan umpen hoitah a jui tou ding chipawl leh idan uh henlamdang ding chite ahi. A poimaw nawnlouteng heng (transform) ding leh a umsa (atamzaw) suhkip a, jui (enforce) ding ahi jaw hi. I society ah kitenna khu jau tah in kibawl a, dan mumal kijui lou hi. Atamzaw ten be-le-phung dan kijui a, imetna ding un UZO dan kijui hi. Etsahnan, mou-man (bride price) lahdan tuom chiet/utdandan kipeipi hi. UZO dan a siel 5 hinapiin, be-le-phung dan in sial 6, sial 7/8 chite in kikai hi. Asial atam vanga asum akaidan kibanglou jel hi. Khen khat in sielkhat Rs. 100/300/500 a akai lai un, akhen ten UZO dan jui chi in Rs. 1000 a kai zong um hi. Kum 1995 in Zou Zumpi in sial khat a dangka Rs. 1000 a kai ding chi’n ana passed uhi.
Igen nuampen ahileh, namkhat chikhat ihi leh, Zou namten zong, i-unau namdangte bang in dankhat juikhawm thei lei dei huoi tahi. Unau Mizo ten man leh muol ah, be-le-phung tampi ahivang un, dan jui khat nei ua, tuabang in unau Paite ten zong dan khat jui uhi. Tuaban ah, man zong atamsah lou dungjui un, satha chite pibawl lou uhi. Sathana chitah ngiel zong umlou phiel bang hi. Hinanleh, damsunga ding in kiteng thei veve uhi. Eiten Dan khat ineithei tahtah sih ua, agam kai leh abe-phung kai in leh inop dandan in man leh muol kipeipi hi. Ipi-pute thupil, “man in koima hau ngailou” chi mun pen lah ihi ngal uhi. ‘Khankhuo’ ingaithupi ua, izawlou dingtantan un khankhuo ijui ua, izawng law vadiang jel uhi. Khankhuo in ahun bikhiet (validity) nei hi. Zou papi khat in “ka mouhahna sum leh pai bei tengteng kigawm leh pucca building sawngnei khat noptah in lamzou tavang” chi hiel hi. Azawng-ahau in ajui thei chiet ding dan kitup leh kibang poimaw hi. Dan kibang kijuina mun ah aneizou-neizoulou chia kikhenna (social divide) tawm ding hi.
Tulai tah a I Zou Custom Bu uh ahile ‘haneilou’ (toothless law) ahi chi kilang hi. Tualeh, dan kemtu Zou Zumpi zong (hi lampang thu ah) amin maimai (rubber stamp) bang in kikoi hi. Be-le-phung peipi dan (clan tradition) khu Nampi dan saang in poimawna leh thaa kipie hi. Tamin inam pumkhatna (social/communal intergrity) saang in be-le-phung ngaisangna (clan chauvinism) lien sah zaw ihidan uh tahlang hi. Phung le tang in munsang aluo zing namun ah nam kipumkhatna tawm a, phung-a kikhenna haat hi. Kitenna tanpha a Zou dan um napia, phung dan ijui-jui chieng un, I kibahlouna neuneu uh kisulang in kitawi sang suoh maimai a, minuo phahna ana hilou zaw hi. Proverb in kipuihuoina neilou nam amang thang ding, chi hi. Tu dinmun in, Zou custom khu, a-ut in jui a, a-utlou ten juilou mawh hi. I bawn a ijui chiet lou ding khat dan bawl zong ngai sese lou hi. Dan juuilou khu dan botsie china himai hi. Dan botsete tung a vaihawmding khu dan bawltu (Zou Zumpi) ahi. Hinanleh Zou Zumpi in bangma vaihawm khumlou hi. Zou Zumpi khu minam kivaipuohna teng bawltu ahi ban ah asemsuahtu (enforcer) zong ahi poimaw hi.
Thukhahna
Kiten dan toh kisai in theisiem ding sil chi-ni um hi. Tuate: Nam danbawl (community law) leh Nam peidan (conventional law) ahi uhi. Tamte gel kibanglou hi. Buoi theina ahileh, dan-bawl (bylaw) hilou in ipeidan (convention) uh ahi zaw hi. Idan uh ijuilou jieh un ipeidan uh zong dih thei tuomlou a, ipeidan uh adih lou jieh in ei-le-ei ikituisa buoh isuoh jel uhi. Akhawhpen khu aneizouten nasa sem a bawl ding, migenphat leh zatatna tang ding chi ahia; ada huoi ahile mineijoute bawldan aneilouten ki-eeng a, ki-enton in kijui ut ve hi. Kitenna khu hun kipah um tah hina pi in, inei leh lam umsun teng kibuoh khietni leh gawkangni suoh thei hi. Hunsawtpi saving inabawlte uh nikhat thu a ding in bei a, saving bawl manloute khu vangse dieh uhi ajiehpen kitenni zou apat leibat toh inn ten kipan ngal uhi. Hindute banglou in, ei tribal society khu khotang dinmun kikimna (social equaltiy) toh jungphu ahi. Khotang kibatlouna suh beiding idei lai un, hibang tondan ‘poimawloute’ jieh in suhaat hikha thei hi. Kitenna ah dan (custom) khat kinei nanleh kijui lou a, dankemtu (Zou Zumpi) zong kitup lou hi. Ajiehpen dan juiloute tung ah vaihawmkhum theina thaa neilou hi. Thuneina asuo poimaw ta a, alemtanglou leh ZYO chite khut ah ngah khiet thei tham ahi. Kitenni leh kihahnia sum leh pai kisengteng nupa khat in innten siemnan zang leh phatuom zaw ding bang hi. Itna silpieh khu ahoi talua hi. Hinaleh silpieh teng khu mouvanken hitheilou hi, ajiehpen idanbu uah umlou hi.Tuabanah tuaten anei leh neilou insung kilang sah hi. Silpoimawlou teng paikhiet hun ahia, ahoite banzoptou jel idamna hing hizaw ding hi. Tabanga dan kijuilou leh kitendan mantam seng jieh in mivantang in dansiengthou a kitenna bawl zou in abailam pen ‘zansiengthou’ a kitaina ki uang bawl hi. Langkhat ah hattuom makai leh belamputen kiguh-kitai khu dandihlou ahi chia atangkoukou vang un, a damdawi ding genthei tuamlou hileh kilawm uhi. Dan mumal kijuilouna khu khotang zalen (free society) hilou in khotang peikhiel (distorted society) ana hizaw hi. Minam khat sunga dettaha umte a di’a anam khu ahina (identity) ahi banah akankhawmtu (unifying factor) zong ahi kuul hi.
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